Neuroinflammation as secondary damage in head injury
- Authors: Karchevskaya A.E.1,2,3, Payushina O.V.2, Sharova E.V.1, Oknina L.B.1, Titov O.Y.3
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Affiliations:
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
- N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery
- Issue: Vol 17, No 1 (2023)
- Pages: 55-68
- Section: Reviews
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2075-5473/article/view/125989
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.54101/ACEN.2023.1.7
- ID: 125989
Cite item
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Abstract
Head injury is one of the main disability causes among the working-age population. Stroke energy induces mechanical injury of tissues to launch secondary damage, i.e. neurotransmission, blood-brain barrier disruption, blood infiltration of brain tissues, cytokine and chemokine overexpression, and other processes. Activated by the injury, microglia plays a special part to initially 'protect' intact tissues from the products of necrosis and apoptosis. After the injury, microglia rapidly differentiates to phenotypes М1 and М2. Pro-inflammatory phenotype М1 produces neuronal cytotoxic cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins (IL)-6 and IL-1β, and NO that induce apoptosis while phenotype М2 secretes IL-4 and IL-13 that may supposedly reduce inflammation and improve recovery of brain tissues. М2 response lasts much less than М1 response, and increasing pro-inflammatory activation leads to further neuronal death, which affects cognitive and physical status of patients with head injury. The review covers main biochemical processes in the injured brain and possible ways of neuroinflammation modulation.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Anna E. Karchevskaya
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery
Author for correspondence.
Email: ankar1998@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6647-0572
Junior Researcher, Laboratory of General and Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Student, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University); Clinical Psychologist, N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow; MoscowOlga V. Payushina
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Email: payushina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8467-0623
D. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Russian Federation, MoscowElena V. Sharova
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Email: ESharova@nsi.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4994-4187
SPIN-code: 5233-9615
Scopus Author ID: 7003870497
D. Sci. (Biol.), Head, Laboratory of General and Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology
Russian Federation, MoscowLyubov B. Oknina
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Email: lyubov.oknina@ihna.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7398-1183
SPIN-code: 2614-8209
Scopus Author ID: 6602961277
D. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Laboratory of General and Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation, MoscowOleg Yu. Titov
N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery
Email: neurolegtitov@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6570-7777
Postgraduate Student, N.N. Burdenko National Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery
Russian Federation, MoscowReferences
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