Risk factors for falls in different age groups of patients with chronic cerebral ischaemia
- Authors: Geraskina L.A.1, Galaeva A.A.2,3, Sheikhova R.D.3, Fonyakin A.V.1, Maksimova M.Y.1
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Affiliations:
- Research Center of Neurology
- Russian Gerontological Research and Clinical Center of N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
- Medical Institute of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
- Issue: Vol 16, No 3 (2022)
- Pages: 5-14
- Section: Original articles
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2075-5473/article/view/124041
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.54101/ACEN.2022.3.1
- ID: 124041
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Abstract
Introduction. Cognitive impairment, gait and balance disorders are the most important risk factors for falls in older persons. These neurological impairments are the main clinical manifestations of chronic cerebral ischaemia (CCI), and can develop at a younger age.
Aim: to evaluate the risk factors for falls in patients with CCI in different age groups and to identify the most significant predictors of falls.
Materials and methods. We examined 104 patients with CCI. Patients were divided into three age groups: middle age (40–59 years old; n = 13), older age (60–74 years old; n = 62), and the elderly (75 years and older; n = 29). We assessed the frequency of falls and the presence of risk factors.
Results. Thirty-seven (36%) patients had a history of falls, with its incidence increasing from 8% in the middle-aged group to 37% in the older persons and 45% in the elderly. Some patients had multiple risk factors for falls, while the presence of 5 risk factors increased the risk of falling fourfold. The most common factors in middle age were pain due to degenerative spine conditions (85%), anxiety (54%), and visual impairment (31%); in older age – back pain (77%), cognitive impairment (45%), visual impairment (39%), and decreased walking speed (23%); in the elderly — visual impairment (76%), cognitive impairment (69%), back pain (69%), decreased walking speed (38%), and orthostatic hypotension (28%). Discriminant analysis revealed that the best predictors of falls in CCI were female sex, age over 69 years, depression, cognitive impairment, and a walking speed below 1 m/sec.
Conclusion. Falls were observed in all age groups of people with CCI. Not only the presence of a specific risk factor for falls, but the presence of multiple risk factors, has predictive value. The presence of five or more risk factors, as well as a walking speed below 1 m/sec, can indicate a high risk of falls.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Lyudmila A. Geraskina
Research Center of Neurology
Author for correspondence.
Email: neurocor@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1253-1082
D. Sci. (Med.), leading researcher, Laboratory of cardioneurology, 2nd Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology
Russian Federation, MoscowAmina A. Galaeva
Russian Gerontological Research and Clinical Center of N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Medical Institute of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
Email: g.amina01@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7543-1943
neurologist, Department of nervous diseases, Russian Gerontological Research and Clinical Center, postgraduate student, Department of nervous diseases and neurosurgery named after Yu.S. Martynov
Russian Federation, Moscow; MoscowRabiyat D. Sheikhova
Medical Institute of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
Email: neurocor@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2200-6502
postgraduate student, Department of nervous diseases and neurosurgery named after Yu.S. Martynov, Medical Institution
Russian Federation, MoscowAndrey V. Fonyakin
Research Center of Neurology
Email: fonyakin@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5452-2152
D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., leading researcher, Head, Laboratory of cardioneurology, 2nd Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology
Russian Federation, MoscowMarina Yu. Maksimova
Research Center of Neurology
Email: neurocor@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7682-6672
D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head, 2nd Neurological department, Institute of Clinical and Preventive Neurology
Russian Federation, MoscowReferences
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