Modern instrumental diagnosis of coronary heart disease in women and its prognostic importance

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Abstract

Recent decades have seen a growing recognition that the understanding of sex differences in cardiovascular disease is vital to optimal diagnosis and management, particularly of women. There is simultaneously an increasing appreciation of the multifactorial nature of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in many patients, in whom disease may extend beyond the epicardial coronaries. While obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) remains underdiagnosed in women and still represents a major burden of disease, women also present with nonobstructive CAD more commonly than men. Indeed, microvascular dysfunction, coronary artery vasospasm, and coronary dissections contribute to a larger proportion of IHD in women than men. Here, we review the symptom presentation of women with IHD and the noninvasive modalities used to risk stratify women with suspected IHD.

About the authors

V. P Lupanov

National Medical Research Center of Cardiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: Lupanovvp@mail.ru
д-р мед. наук, проф., вед. науч. сотр. отд. проблем атеросклероза 121552, Russian Federation, Moscow, ul. 3-ia Cherepkovskaia, d. 15a

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