Molecular genetic diagnosis of predisposition to the development of coronary heart disease: modern state of the problem

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Abstract

Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the adult population of the Russian Federation. For this reason, detection and treatment of people at high risk for coronary heart disease are some of the important areas of preventive medicine. However, further development of preventive medicine in the XXI century., Seems to be impossible without the use of personal data on the patient's genetics. The contribution of heredity in the development of coronary heart disease, according to research carried out on mono - and dizygotic twins in the families of patients with coronary artery disease, ranges from 30 to 80%. Nevertheless the family history factor is completely ignored in the major risk stratification systems for coronary artery disease and its complications. Currently, molecular genetic diagnosis is recommended for the detection of monogenic forms of ischemic heart disease and monogenic diseases with a high risk of CHD, such as familial hypercholesterolemia, a hereditary deficiency of apolipoprotein C-II and others. At the same time, genetic testing polygenic CHD forms is not recommended because, despite revealing today a large number of genes and the SNP, associated with coronary artery disease, each individual genetic variant has little effect on the development of coronary heart disease, says a very small share of heredity in the development of the disease and thus has limited predictive value. One solution to improve the predictive value of genetic testing is to combine the information of several SNP in a single risk assessment system of the so-called genetic risk scale. In this review of the current information about the molecular and genetic basis of coronary heart disease and the possibility of genetic diagnosis of predisposition to its development.

About the authors

A. N Meshkov

State Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: meshkov@lipidclinic.ru
канд. мед. наук, рук. лаб. молекулярной генетики ФГБУ ГНИЦ ПМ 101000, Russian Federation, Moscow, Petroverigskii per., d. 10, str. 3

N. V Shcherbakova

State Research Center for Preventive Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

мл. науч. сотр. лаб. молекулярной генетики ФГБУ ГНИЦ ПМ 101000, Russian Federation, Moscow, Petroverigskii per., d. 10, str. 3

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