Asthenia in healthy individuals and patients with various conditions: clinical cases
- Authors: Vorobeva O.V.1, Evdokimova A.A.1, Romanova A.A.1
-
Affiliations:
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
- Issue: Vol 27, No 11 (2025): Neurology and rheumatology
- Pages: 711-717
- Section: Articles
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2075-1753/article/view/365536
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2025.11.203497
- ID: 365536
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Asthenia has a wide range of potential biological, psychological, and social causes, and a direct causal relationship cannot always be accurately established. The paper aims to present clinical cases of various categories of asthenia and to summarize experience with Stimol® (citrulline malate). Three clinical cases were presented, demonstrating 1) fatigue associated with social factors; 2) multicausal asthenia associated with drug therapy in a patient with hypertension and cerebral microangiopathy; 3) post-viral (SARS-CoV-2) asthenia with transformation into chronic fatigue syndrome. Despite the different stimuli that trigger the pathological process, a universal body reaction of homeostatic exhaustion is ultimately observed, suggesting that ergogenic drugs can be an important part of the therapy of any asthenia. All patients successfully received complex therapy, including a 10–12-day course of citrulline malate (Stimol®) at a dose of 3 g/day. Thus, ergogenic drugs can be considered an important part of the therapy of any asthenia. Stimol® demonstrates high effectiveness as a convenient and safe agent for correcting energy deficiency in patients with asthenia.
Keywords
About the authors
Olga V. Vorobeva
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Author for correspondence.
Email: ovvorobeva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5070-926X
D. Sci. (Med.)
Russian Federation, MoscowAnastasiya A. Evdokimova
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Email: ovvorobeva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-9803-162X
Medical Resident
Russian Federation, MoscowAnastasia A. Romanova
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Email: ovvorobeva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-4518-218X
Medical Resident
Russian Federation, MoscowReferences
- Wessely S, Nimnuan C, Sharpe M. Functional somatic syndromes: one or many? Lancet. 1999;354(9182):936-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)08320-2
- Strebkova R. Cancer-related Fatigue in Patients with Oncological Diseases: Causes, Prevalence, Guidelines for Assessment and Management. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2020;62(4):679-89. doi: 10.3897/folmed.62.e50517
- Кутлубаев М.А., Ахметова А.И. Астеническое расстройство после инсульта. Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии. 2023;17(4):64-71 [Kutlubaev MA, Akhmetova AI. Poststroke asthenic disorder. Ann Clin Exper Neurol. 2023;17(4):64-71 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.54101/ACEN.2023.4.8
- Swaen GMH, van Amelsvoort LGPM, Bültmann U, Kant IJ. Fatigue as a risk factor for being injured in an occupational accident: results from the Maastricht Cohort Study. Occup Environ Med. 2003;60 (Suppl. 1):i88-92. doi: 10.1136/oem.60.suppl_1.i88
- De Vries, Michielsen H, Van Heck GL, Drent M. Measuring fatigue in sarcoidosis: the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS). Br J Health Psychol. 2004;9(Pt 3):279-91. doi: 10.1348/1359107041557048
- Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14(5):377-81. doi: 10.1249/00005768-198205000-00012
- Krupp LB, LaRocca NG, Muir-Nash J, Steinberg AD. The fatigue severity scale. Arch Neurol. 1989;46(10):1121-4. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1989.00520460115022
- Fisk JD, Ritvo PG, Ross L, et al. Measuring the Functional Impact of Fatigue: Initial Validation of the Fatigue Impact Scale. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;8(Suppl. 1):S79-83. doi: 10.1093/clinids/18.Supplement_1.S79
- Воробьева О.В., Русая В.В. Фармакотерапия тревожных расстройств у пациентов с хронической ишемией головного мозга. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. C.C. Корсакова. 2016;116(12-2):49-55 [Vorobeva OV, Rusaya VV. Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. C.C. Korsakova. 2016;116(12-2): 49-55 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.17116/jnevro201611612249-54
- Van Eijsden HM, van de Port IG, Visser-Meily JM, Kwakkel G. Poststroke fatigue: who is at risk for an increase in fatigue? Stroke Res Treat. 2012;2012:863978. doi: 10.1155/2012/863978
- Committee on the diagnostic criteria for myalgic encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; Board on the Health of Select Populations, Institute of Medicine. Beyond myalgic encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: redefining an illness. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), 2015. doi: 10.17226/19012
- Strobera LB, Brucec JM, Arnettd PA, et al. A new look at an old test: Normative data of the symbol digit modalities test – Oral version. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020;43:102154. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102154
- Vollbracht C, Kraft K. Feasibility of vitamin C in the treatment of post viral fatigue with focus on long COVID, based on a systematic review of IV vitamin C on fatigue. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1154. doi: 10.3390/nu13041154
- Fukuda S, Nojima J, Motoki Y, et al. A potential biomarker for fatigue: oxidative stress and anti-oxidative activity. Biol Psychol. 2016;118:88-93. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.05.005
- Nyawose S, Naidoo R, Naumovski N, McKune AJ. The Effects of Consuming Amino Acids L-Arginine, L-Citrulline (and Their Combination) as a Beverage or Powder, on Athletic and Physical Performance: A Systematic Review. Beverages. 2022;8(3):48. doi: 10.3390/beverages8030048
- Takeda K, Machida M, Kohara A, et al. Effects of citrulline supplementation on fatigue and exercise performance in mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2011;57(3):246-50. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.57.246
- Martinez-Sanchez A, Ramos-Campo DJ, Fernandez-Lobato B, et al. Biochemical, physiological, and performance response of a functional watermelon juice enriched in L-citrulline during a half-marathon race. Food Nutr Res. 2017;61(1):1330098. doi: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1330098
- Gonzalez AM, Trexler ET. Effects of Citrulline Supplementation on Exercise Performance in Humans: A Review of the Current Literature. J Strength Cond Res. 2020;34(5):1480-95. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003426
- Wax B, Kavazis AN, Weldon K, Sperlak J. Effects of supplemental citrulline malate ingestion during repeated bouts of lower-body exercise in advanced weightlifters. J Strength Cond Res. 2015;29(3):786-92. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000670
- Chappell AJ, Allwood DM, Simper TN. Citrulline malate fails to improve German volume training performance in healthy young men and women. J Diet Suppl. 2020;17(3):249-60. doi: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1513433
- Gonzalez AM, Spitz RW, Ghigiarelli JJ, et al. Acute effect of citrulline malate supplementation on upper-body resistance exercise performance in recreationally resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32(11):3088-94. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002373
- Trexler ET, Persky AM, Ryan ED, et al. Acute effects of citrulline supplementation on high-intensity strength and power performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2019;49(5):707-18. doi: 10.1007/s40279-019-01091-z
- Perez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(5):1215-22. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cb28e0
- Varvik FT, Bjornsen T, Gonzalez AM. Acute Effect of Citrulline Malate on Repetition Performance During Strength Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2021;31(4):350-8. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0295
- Дубницкая Э.Б. Стимол при астенических состояниях в специализированной и общемедицинской практике (обзор литературы). Психиатрия и психофармакотерапия. 2010;12(4):12-4 [Dubnitskaya EB. Stimol pri astenicheskikh sostoianiyakh v spetsializirovannoi i obshchemeditsinskoi praktike (obzor literatury). Psychiatry and Psychopharmacotherapy. 2010;12(4):12-4 (in Russian)]. EDN:NDGHFP
- Громова О.А., Захарова И.Н., Торшин И.Ю., и др. О патофизиологической терапии астении у детей препаратами цитруллина малата. Медицинский Совет. 2017;(19):142-8 [Gromova OA, Zakharova IN, Torshin IY, et al. About pathophysiological therapy of asthenia in children by citrulline malate drugs. Meditsinskiy Sovet. 2017;(19):142-8 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2017-19-142-148
- Окнин В.Ю., Федотова А.В., Вейн А.М. Применение малата цитруллина (Стимола) у лиц с вегетативной дистонией в сочетании с артериальной гипотензией. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 1999;99(1):30-3 [Oknin VIu, Fedotova AV, Vein AM. Use of citrulline malate (stimol) in patients with autonomic dystonia associated with arterial hypotension. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 1999;99(1):30-3 (in Russian)].
- Кукес И.В., Лим В.Г., Иванцов К.А., и др. Оценка эффективности препарата Стимол в терапии астенического синдрома после перенесенной инфекции COVID-19. Фармакология & Фармакотерапия. 2023;3:56-66 [Kukes IV, Lim VG, Ivantsov KA, et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of Stimol in the treatment of asthenic syndrome after infection with COVID-19. Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy. 2023;3:56-66 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.46393/27132129_2023_3_56
- Moinard C, Nicolis I, Neveux N, et al. Dose-ranging effects of citrulline administration on plasma amino acids and hormonal patterns in healthy subjects: The Citrudose pharmacokinetic study. Br J Nutr. 2008;99(4):855-62. doi: 10.1017/S0007114507841110
Supplementary files

