Features of the development and treatment of lipid metabolism disorders in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: A review
- Authors: Darenskiy D.I.1
-
Affiliations:
- Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology
- Issue: Vol 27, No 10 (2025): Cardiology and nephrology
- Pages: 594-603
- Section: Articles
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2075-1753/article/view/352920
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2025.10.203461
- ID: 352920
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Nonalcoholic or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases in the world. Currently, there is sufficient evidence supporting a close relationship between MASLD and lipid metabolism disorders, leading to a significant progression of cardiovascular diseases. The review addresses the current aspects of diagnosing and treating patients with MASLD and lipid metabolism disorders.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Dmitry I. Darenskiy
Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology
Author for correspondence.
Email: darensky.dmitrij@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1430-7268
Cand. Sci. (Med.)
Russian Federation, MoscowReferences
- Бойцов С.А. Резервы снижения смертности от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Терапевтический архив. 2023;95(12):1052-05 [Boytsov SA. Ways for reducing mortality from cardiovascular diseases: A review. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2023;95(12):1052-5 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2023.12.202500
- Merck Manual Professional Version. Overview of Lipid Metabolism. Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders / Lipid Disorders.
- Нарушения липидного обмена. Клинические рекомендации Минздрава России. 2023-2024-2025. 15.02.2023 [Narusheniia lipidnogo obmena. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii Minzdrava Rossii. 2023-2024-2025. 15.02.2023 (in Russian)].
- Rinella ME, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Siddiqui MS, et al. AASLD Practice Guidance on the clinical assessment and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2023;77(5):1797-835. doi: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000323
- Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, et al. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. Hepatology. 2023;78(6):1966-96. doi: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000520
- Драпкина О.М., Мартынов А.И., Арутюнов Г.П., и др. Резолюция Форума экспертов «Новые терапевтические горизонты НАЖБП». Терапевтический архив. 2024;96(2):186-93 [Drapkina OM, Martynov AI, Arutyunov GP, et al. Resolution of the Expert Forum "New therapeutic horizons of NAFLD". Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2024;96(2):186-93 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2024.02.202648
- Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени у взрослых. Клинические рекомендации. М. 2022 [Nealkogol'naia zhirovaia bolezn' pecheni u vzroslykh. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Moscow. 2022 (in Russian)].
- Mato JM, Corrales FJ, Lu SC, Avila MA. S-Adenosylmethionine: a control switch that regulates liver function. FASEB j. 2002;16(1):15-26. doi: 10.1096/fj.01-0401rev
- Butterworth RF, Kircheis G, Hilger N, McPhail MJW. Efficacy of l-Ornithine l-Aspartate for the Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy and Hyperammonemia in Cirrhosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2018;8(3):301-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.05.004
- European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO). EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016;64(6):1388-402. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.004
- Leoni S, Tovoli F, Napoli L, et al. Current guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review with comparative analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2018;24(30):3361-433. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i30.3361
- Karlas T, Petroff D, Sasso M, et al. Individual patient data meta-analysis of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) technology for assessing steatosis. J Hepatol. 2017;66(5):1022-100. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.12.022
- Middleton MS, Heba ER, Hooker CA, et al. Agreement Between Magnetic Resonance Imaging Proton Density Fat Fraction Measurements and Pathologist-Assigned Steatosis Grades of Liver Biopsies From Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2017;153(3):753-61. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.06.005
- Brunt EM, Kleiner DE, Wilson LA, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score and the histopathologic diagnosis in NAFLD: distinct clinicopathologic meanings. Hepatology. 2011;53(3):810-20. doi: 10.1002/hep.24127
- Jiang W, Huang S, Teng H, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of point shear wave elastography and transient elastography for staging hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2018;8(8):e021787. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021787
- Sun W, Cui H, Li N, et al. Comparison of FIB-4 index, NAFLD fibrosis score and BARD score for prediction of advanced fibrosis in adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis study. Hepatol Res. 2016;46(9):862-70. doi: 10.1111/hepr.12647
- Диомидова В.Н., Петрова О.В. Сравнительный анализ результатов эластографии сдвиговой волной и транзиентной эластографии в диагностике диффузных заболеваний печени. Ультразвуковая и функциональная диагностика. 2013;5:17-23 [Diomidova VN, Petrova OV. Sravnitel'nyi analiz rezul'tatov elastografii sdvigovoi volnoi i tranzientnoi elastografii v diagnostike diffuznykh zabolevanii pecheni. Ul'trazvukovaia i funktsional'naia diagnostika. 2013;5:17-23 (in Russian)].
- Younossi ZM, Henry L. Understanding the Burden of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Time for Action. Diabetes Spectr. 2024;37(1):9-19. doi: 10.2337/dsi23-0010
- Chan KE, Koh TJL, Tang ASP, et al. Global Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Metabolic-associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of 10 739 607 Individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(9):2691-700. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac321
- Jichitu A, Bungau S, Stanescu AMA, et al. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Comorbidities: Pathophysiological Links, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Management. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021;11(4):689. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11040689
- Драпкина О.М., Ивашкин В.Т. Эпидемиологические особенности неалкогольной жировой болезни печени в России (результаты открытого многоцентрового проспективного исследования-наблюдения DIREG L 01903). Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2014;24(4):32-8 [Drapkina OM, Ivashkin VT. Epidemiologic features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Russia. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2014;24(4):32-8 (in Russian)].
- Ивашкин В.Т., Драпкина О.М., Маев И.В., и др. Распространенность неалкогольной жировой болезни печени у пациентов амбулаторно-поликлинической практики в Российской Федерации: результаты исследования DIREG 2. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2015;25(6):31-41 [Ivashkin VT, Drapkina OM, Mayev IV, et al. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in out-patients of the Russian Federation: DIREG 2 study results. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2015;25(6):31-41 (in Russian)].
- Евстифеева С.Е., Шальнова С.А., Куценко В.А., и др. Распространенность неалкогольной жировой болезни печени среди населения трудоспособного возраста: ассоциации с социально-демографическими показателями и поведенческими факторами риска (данные ЭССЕ-РФ-2). Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2022;21(9):3356 [Evstifeeva SE, Shalnova SA, Kutsenko VA, et al. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among the working-age population: associations with socio-demographic indicators and behavioral risk factors (ESSE RF-2 data). Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2022;21(9):3356 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3356
- Маев И.В., Андреев Д.Н., Кучерявый Ю.А. Распространенность неалкогольной жировой болезни печени в России: метаанализ. Consilium Medicum. 2023;25(5):313-1 [Maev IV, Andreev DN, Kucheryavyy YA. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fat disease liver in Russian Federation: meta-analysis. Consilium Medicum. 2023;25(5):313-1 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.26442/20751753.2023.5.202155
- Huang DQ, Terrault NA, Tacke F, et al. Global epidemiology of cirrhosis – aetiology, trends and predictions. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;20(6):388-98. doi: 10.1038/s41575-023-00759-2
- Huang DQ, El-Serag HB, Loomba R. Global epidemiology of NAFLD-related HCC: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;18(4):223-38. doi: 10.1038/s41575-020-00381-6
- Estes C, Anstee QM, Arias-Loste MT, et al. Modeling NAFLD disease burden in China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States for the period 2016-2030. J Hepatol. 2018;69(4):896-904. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.05.036
- Вовк И.Е. Неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени как проатерогенное заболевание: диагностика и лечение в общей практике. Русский медицинский журнал. 2017;2:68-79 [Vovk EI. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as pro-atherogenic disease: diagnosis and treatment in general practice. RMJ. Medical review. 2017;2:68-79 (in Russian)].
- Ройтберг Г.Е., Шархун О.О., Платонова О.Е., Ушакова Т.И. Связь неалкогольной жировой болезни печени с факторами риска развития атеросклероза. Вестник Российского государственного медицинского университета. 2008;6:8-10 [Roitberg GE, Sharkhun OO, Platonova OE, Ushakova TI. Sviaz' nealkogol'noi zhirovoi bolezni pecheni s faktorami riska razvitiia ateroskleroza. Vestnik Rossiiskogo gosudarstvennogo meditsinskogo universiteta. 2008;6:8-10 (in Russian)].
- Musso G, Gambino R, Cassader M, Pagano G. Meta-analysis: natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for liver disease severity. Ann Med. 2011;43(8):617-49. doi: 10.3109/07853890.2010.518623
- Lazo M, Hernaez R, Bonekamp S, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality among US adults: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2011;343:d6891. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d6891
- Kim D, Kim WR, Kim HJ, Therneau TM. Association between noninvasive fibrosis markers and mortality among adults with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the United States. Hepatology. 2013;57(4):1357-65. doi: 10.1002/hep.26156
- Targher G, Day CP, Bonora E. Risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(14):1341-50. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0912063
- Нелидова А.В., Ливзан М.А., Николаев Н.А., Кролевец Т.С. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания и неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени: связь и патогенетические аспекты фармакотерапии. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии. 2022;17(6):880-8 [Nelidova AV, Livzan MA, Nikolaev NA, Krolevets TS. Cardiovascular Diseases and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Relationship and Pathogenetic Aspects of Pharmacotherapy. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology. 2022;17(6):880-8 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.20996/1819-6446-2021-12-14
- Oni ET, Agatston AS, Blaha MJ, et al. A systematic review: burden and severity of subclinical cardiovascular disease among those with nonalcoholic fatty liver; should we care? Atherosclerosis. 2013;230(2):258-67. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.07.052
- Li N, Zhang GW, Zhang JR, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with progression of arterial stiffness. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;25(2):218-23. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.10.002
- Pugh TJ, Kelly MA, Gowrisankar S, et al. The landscape of genetic variation in dilated cardiomyopathy as surveyed by clinical DNA sequencing. Genet Med. 2014;16(8):601-8. doi: 10.1038/gim.2013.204
- Perseghin G, Lattuada G, De Cobelli F, et al. Increased mediastinal fat and impaired left ventricular energy metabolism in young men with newly found fatty liver. Hepatology. 2008;47(1):51-8. doi: 10.1002/hep.21983
- Hallsworth K, Hollingsworth KG, Thoma C, et al. Cardiac structure and function are altered in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2013;58(4):757-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.015
- Bonapace S, Perseghin G, Molon G, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(2):389-95. doi: 10.2337/dc11-1820
- Targher G, Valbusa F, Bonapace S, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e57183. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057183
- Iacobellis G, Barbarini G, Letizia C, Barbaro G. Epicardial fat thickness and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese subjects. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014;22(2):332-6. doi: 10.1002/oby.20624
- Zheng H, Sechi LA, Navarese EP, et al. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular risk: a comprehensive review. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):346. doi: 10.1186/s12933-024-02434-5
- Веснина Л.Э. Липидные рафты: роль в регуляции функционального состояния клеточных мембран. Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник української медичної стоматологічної академії. 2013;13(2):5-10 [Vesnina LE. Lipidnye rafty: rol' v reguliatsii funktsional'nogo sostoianiia kletochnykh membran. Aktual'nі problemi suchasnoї meditsini: Vіsnik ukraїns'koї medichnoї stomatologіchnoї akademії. 2013;13(2):5-10 (in Russian)].
- Janssen A, Grobbee DE, Dendale P. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a new and growing risk indicator for cardiovascular disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020;27(10):1059-63. doi: 10.1177/2047487319891783
- Цао С., Зольникова О.Ю., Масленников Р.В., и др. Метаболические профили микробиоты кишечника у пациентов с разными стадиями метаболически ассоциированной жировой болезни печени. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2024;34(4):64-74 [Cao X, Zolnikova OYu, Maslennikov RV, et al. Metabolic Profiles of the Gut Microbiota in Patients with Different Stages of Metabolism Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2024;34(4):64-74 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2024-34-4-64-74
- Ливзан М.А., Кролевец Т.С., Сыровенко М.И. Роль адипокинов в формировании метаболических нарушений в условиях метаболически-ассоциированной болезни печени (МАЖБП). Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2024;(10):168-74 [Livzan MA, Krolevets TS, Syrovenko MI. Role of adipokines in the formation of metabolic disorders in conditions of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2024;(10):168-74 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-218-10-168-174
- Аметов А.С., Амикишиева К.А., Гурьева И.В. Ведение пациентов с метаболически ассоциированной жировой болезнью печени: взгляд эндокринолога. Эндокринология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2024;13(2):35-46 [Ametov AS, Amikishieva KA, Gur'eva IV. Vedenie patsientov s metabolicheski assotsiirovannoi zhirovoi bolezn'iu pecheni: vzgliad endokrinologa. Endokrinologiia: novosti, mneniia, obuchenie. 2024;13(2):35-46 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.33029/2304-9529-2024-13-2-35-46
- Ye J, Zhuang X, Li X, et al. Novel metabolic classification for extrahepatic complication of metabolic associated fatty liver disease: A data-driven cluster analysis with international validation. Metabolism. 2022;136:155294. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155294
- Kelesidis T, Kelesidis I, Chou S, Mantzoros CS. Narrative review: the role of leptin in human physiology: emerging clinical applications. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152(2):93-100. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-152-2-201001190-00008
- Muse ED, Obici S, Bhanot S, et al. Role of resistin in diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2004;114(2):232-9. doi: 10.1172/JCI21270
- Gencer B, Auer R, de Rekeneire N, et al. Association between resistin levels and cardiovascular disease events in older adults: The health, aging and body composition study. Atherosclerosis. 2016;245:181-6. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.12.004
- Polyzos SA, Perakakis N, Mantzoros CS. Fatty liver in lipodystrophy: A review with a focus on therapeutic perspectives of adiponectin and/or leptin replacement. Metabolism. 2019;96:66-82. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.05.001
- Cheng S, Ge J, Zhao C, et al. Effect of aerobic exercise and diet on liver fat in pre-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic-fatty-liver-disease: A randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):15952. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-16159-x
- Hashida R, Kawaguchi T, Bekki M, et al. Aerobic vs. resistance exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review. J Hepatol. 2017;66(1):142-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.023
- Hallsworth K, Thoma C, Hollingsworth KG, et al. Modified high-intensity interval training reduces liver fat and improves cardiac function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Sci (Lond). 2015;129(12):1097-105. doi: 10.1042/CS20150308
- Rector RS, Thyfault JP, Morris RT, et al. Daily exercise increases hepatic fatty acid oxidation and prevents steatosis in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2008;294(3):G619-26. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00428.2007
- Keating SE, Hackett DA, George J, Johnson NA. Exercise and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2012;57(1):157-66. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.02.023
- Zelber-Sagi S, Salomone F, Mlynarsky L. The Mediterranean dietary pattern as the diet of choice for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Evidence and plausible mechanisms. Liver Int. 2017;37(7):936-49. doi: 10.1111/liv.13435
- Aller R, Izaola O, de la Fuente B, De Luis Román DA. Mediterranean diet is associated with liver histology in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nutr Hosp. 2015;32(6):2518-24. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.32.6.10074
- Trovato FM, Martines GF, Brischetto D, et al. Neglected features of lifestyle: Their relevance in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol. 2016;8(33):1459-545. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i33.1459
- Lee D, Chiavaroli L, Ayoub-Charette S, et al. Important Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2022;14(14):2846. doi: 10.3390/nu14142846
- Сасунова А.Н., Гончаров А.А., Морозов С.В., Исаков В.А. Модификация паттернов питания больных неалкогольным стеатогепатитом. Терапевтический архив. 2022;94(8):973-7 [Sasunova AN, Goncharov AA, Morozov SV, Isakov VA. Modification of dietary patterns in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2022;94(8):973-7 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2022.08.201773
- Vilar-Gomez E, Martinez-Perez Y, Calzadilla-Bertot L, et al. Weight Loss Through Lifestyle Modification Significantly Reduces Features of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(2):367-78.e5. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.005
- Karedath J, Javed H, Ahsan Talpur F, et al. Effect of Vitamin E on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Cureus. 2022;14(12):e32764. doi: 10.7759/cureus.32764
- Xu R, Tao A, Zhang S, et al. Association between vitamin E and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(3):3924-34.
- Mazhar IJ, Yasir M, Sarfraz S, et al. Vitamin E and Pioglitazone: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Their Efficacy in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cureus. 2023;15(8):e43635. doi: 10.7759/cureus.43635
- Bjelakovic G, Nikolova D, Gluud C. Meta-regression analyses, meta-analyses, and trial sequential analyses of the effects of supplementation with beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E singly or in different combinations on all-cause mortality: do we have evidence for lack of harm? PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e74558. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074558
- Vivarelli F, Canistro D, Cirillo S, et al. Co-carcinogenic effects of vitamin E in prostate. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):11636. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48213-1
- Li H, Liu NN, Peng ZG. Effect of bicyclol on blood biomarkers of NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2020;10(12):e039700. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039700
- Пирогова И.Ю., Яковлева С.В., Неуймина Т.В., и др. Эффективность и безопасность Бициклола при неалкогольной жировой болезни печени: результаты когортного исследования. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2018;28(4):66-75 [Pirogova IY, Yakovleva SV, Neuymina TV, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Bicyclol Treatment for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Results of a Cohort Study. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2018;28(4):66-75 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2018-28-4-66-75
- Tian LY, Lu LG, Tang CW, et al. Aspartate-ornithine granules in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a multiple-dose parallel controlled clinical trial. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2013;21(7):528-32 (in Chinese). doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2013.07.013
- Суплотова Л.А., Кульмаметова Д.С., Федорова А.И., и др. Влияние ингибиторов натрий-глюкозного котранспортера 2-го типа на неалкогольную жировую болезнь печени. Медицинский Совет. 2022;(15):83-9 [Suplotovа LA, Kulmametova DS, Fedorova AI, et al. Effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2022;(15):83-9 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-15-83-89
- Полухина А.В., Винницкая Е.В., Сандлер Ю.Г., Хайменова Т.Ю. Адеметионин в лечении неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. Медицинский Совет. 2017;(15):104-11 [Polukhina AV, Vinnitskaya EV, Sandler YG, Khaimenova TY. Ademethionine in therapy of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2017;(15):104-11 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.21518/2079-701X-2017-15-104-111
- Mato JM, Lu SC. Role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in liver health and injury†. Hepatology. 2007;45(5):1306-32. doi: 10.1002/hep.21650
- Bottiglieri T. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe): from the bench to the bedside--molecular basis of a pleiotrophic molecule. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76(5):1151S-7S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/76/5.1151S
- Manzillo G, Piccinino F, Surrenti C, et al. Multicentre Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Intravenous and Oral S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe) in Cholestatic Patients with Liver Disease. Drug Invest. 2012;4(S4):90-100. doi: 10.1007/bf03258369
- Vergani L, Baldini F, Khalil M, et al. New Perspectives of S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) Applications to Attenuate Fatty Acid-Induced Steatosis and Oxidative Stress in Hepatic and Endothelial Cells. Molecules. 2020;25(18):4237. doi: 10.3390/molecules25184237
- Барановский А.Ю., Райхельсон К.Л., Марченко Н.В. Применение S-аденозилметионина (Гептрала®) в терапии больных неалкогольным стеатогепатитом. Клинические перспективы гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии. 2010;1:3-10 [Baranovskii AIu, Raikhel'son KL, Marchenko NV. Primenenie S-adenozilmetionina (Geptrala®) v terapii bol'nykh nealkogol'nym steatogepatitom. Klinicheskie perspektivy gastroenterologii, gepatologii. 2010;1:3-10 (in Russian)].
- Baiming L. Observation of the efficacy of S-adenosylmethionine in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chinese Hepatology. 2011;16(5):350-51.
- Pennisi G, Pipitone R, Grimaudo S, et al. A cholestatic pattern predicts liver outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Digestive and Liver Disease. 2021;53:S27. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2020.12.069
- Широкова Е.Н. Внутрипеченочный холестаз при неалкогольной жировой болезни печени: патогенез и роль адеметионина в терапии. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2023;33(2):79-86 [Shirokova YN. Intrahepatic Cholestasis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pathogenesis and Role of Ademetionine in Treatment. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2023;33(2):79-86 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.22416/1382-4376-2023-33-2-79-86
- Anstee QM, Day CP. S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) therapy in liver disease: a review of current evidence and clinical utility. J Hepatol. 2012;57(5):1097-109. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.04.041
- Virukalpattigopalratnam MP, Singh T, Ravishankar AC. Heptral (ademetionine) in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis in chronic liver disease due to non-alcoholic liver disease: results of a multicentre observational study in India. J Indian Med Assoc. 2013;111(12):856-9.
- Boming L. Observation of efficacy of ademetionine for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Chinese Hepatol. 2011;16(4):350-1.
- Shankar R, Virukalpattigopalratnam MP, Singh T. Heptral® (Ademetionine) in Intrahepatic Cholestasis due to Chronic Non-Alcoholic Liver Disease: Subgroup Analysis of Results of a Multicentre Observational Study in India. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology. 2014;4:S33. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2014.02.071
- Райхельсон К.Л., Кондрашина Э.А. Адеметионин в лечении повышенной утомляемости/слабости при заболеваниях печени: систематический обзор. Терапевтический архив. 2019;91(2):134-42 [Raikhelson KL, Kondrashina EA. Ademethionine in the treatment of fatigue in liver diseases: a systematic review. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv (Ter. Arkh.). 2019;91(2):134-42 (in Russian)]. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2019.02.000130
- Guo T, Chang L, Xiao Y, Liu Q. S-adenosyl-L-methionine for the treatment of chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0122124. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122124
- Zhou H, Toshiyoshi M, Zhao W, et al. Statins on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 RCTs. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(26):e33981. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033981
- Pastori D, Pani A, Di Rocco A, et al. Statin liver safety in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and metanalysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022;88(2):441-51. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14943
- Athyros VG, Boutari C, Stavropoulos K, et al. Statins: An Under-Appreciated Asset for the Prevention and the Treatment of NAFLD or NASH and the Related Cardiovascular Risk. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2018;16(3):246-53. doi: 10.2174/1570161115666170621082910
- Nakade Y, Murotani K, Inoue T, et al. Ezetimibe for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis. Hepatol Res. 2017;47(13):1417-48. doi: 10.1111/hepr.12887
- Lee HY, Jun DW, Kim HJ, et al. Ezetimibe decreased nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score but not hepatic steatosis. Korean J Intern Med. 2019;34(2):296-304. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2017.194
- Cho Y, Rhee H, Kim YE, et al. Ezetimibe combination therapy with statin for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an open-label randomized controlled trial (ESSENTIAL study). BMC Med. 2022;20(1):93. doi: 10.1186/s12916-022-02288-2
- Scorletti E, Bhatia L, McCormick KG, et al. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: results from the Welcome* study. Hepatology. 2014;60(4):1211-21. doi: 10.1002/hep.27289
- Sanyal AJ, Abdelmalek MF, Suzuki A, et al. No significant effects of ethyl-eicosapentanoic acid on histologic features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a phase 2 trial. Gastroenterology. 2014;147(2):377-84.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.04.046
- Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, et al. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(1):11-22. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1812792
- Lee CH, Fu Y, Yang SJ, Chi CC. Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(9):2769. doi: 10.3390/nu12092769
- Musazadeh V, Karimi A, Malekahmadi M, et al. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An umbrella systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2023;50(5):327-34. doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13750
- Yan JH, Guan BJ, Gao HY, Peng XE. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(37):e12271. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012271
- Fernández-Miranda C, Pérez-Carreras M, Colina F, et al. A pilot trial of fenofibrate for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2008;40(3):200-5. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2007.10.002
- Dimakopoulou A, Sfikas G, Athyros V. PCSK9 administration ameliorates non alcoholic fatty disease in patients with heterozygous familial hyperlipidemia. Hell J Atheroscler. 2018;9:12. doi: 10.23803/HJA.V9I2.175.G150
Supplementary files




