The relevance of screening for cognitive and psychoemotional disorders in patients with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: A review

Studying the issues of pathogenetic interaction in the development and progression of cognitive, psycho-emotional and vascular-metabolic disorders is the most relevant area of modern clinical research. Over the past decade, there has been a surge of interest in the scientific literature and a detailed discussion of current trends in the prevalence of diseases and conditions associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, with a particularly strong focus on the global problems of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The models proposed by experts for the interaction of neurohumoral, metabolic, social and psychoemotional factors are important in understanding the processes leading to an increase in the prevalence of these conditions associated with insulin resistance throughout the world. The mechanisms of reciprocal development of such common psycho-emotional disorders as anxiety and depression in obese patients are evaluated from the standpoint of their socio-psychological relationship, as well as key triggers for the development of eating disorders. Thus, modern clinicians are gradually immersed in the need to understand the intricacies of the processes of formation of psycho-emotional disorders and master the optimal screening skills for their detection in patients with obesity and DM. The issues of studying the formation of neuronal damage in patients with insulin resistance and DM are also a priority for modern diabetologists. Possible options for the development of cerebrovascular complications, including cognitive impairment in patients with DM, described in the literature, require additional attention. A number of diagnostic tests for early detection of cognitive impairments include screening scales: MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) and Mini-Cog-test. Thus, cognitive and psychoemotional disorders, along with the developing vascular and metabolic complications of diabetes and obesity, are gradually becoming a new therapeutic target for improving the condition and prognosis of patients.