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Vol 9, No 1 (2018)
- Year: 2018
- Articles: 15
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2075-1117/issue/view/12760
Article
Distribution of Invasive Species of Ambrosia L. Genus in the South Urals (Republic of Bashkortostan)
Abstract
The study presents data on invasive neophytes of North American origin of Ambrosia L. genus (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., A. trifida L., and A. psylostachya DC.) progressing in the Republic of Bashkortostan and posing a threat to ecosystems of the South Urals region. Out of the three Ambrosia species, the greatest number of invasion centers (over 60) has been registered for A. trifida; the number of A. psylostachya localities is considerably lower, while A. artemisiifolia has not naturalized in ecosystems of the region and occurs sporadically. Maps of secondary ranges of the invasive species belonging to Ambrosia genus in the Republic of Bashkortostan have been produced.
1-8
Pentamerismus taxi (Haller, 1877) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae): A New Pest in the Conditions of Kyiv
Abstract
The article considers information about discovery of the mite Pentamerismus taxi (Haller) on a yew tree in the Fomin Botanical Garden, Kyiv. This is the extreme point on the northern border (51°31′ W) of distribution of this phytophage in Ukraine. Trophic connections of this species were investigated. Mostly, the plants of Taxus baccata L. and all their kinds cultivated in the botanical garden were damaged by the mite. Single individuals of Pentamerismus taxi (Haller) were noticed on Taxus × media Rehder ‘Hicksii.’ The phytophagous insect was not found on plants of Taxus canadensis March. and Taxus cuspidata Siebold et Zucc. It was established that Pentamerismus taxi (Haller) has one generation in the conditions of the city of Kyiv. The mite has a tendency to extand its natural range and form stable population under new conditions. Therefore, the emergence of a new dangerous pest requires further careful study and development and implementation of measures to monitor the state of its population.
9-12
Giant Reed Phragmites altissimus (Benth.) Mabille in Ivanovo Oblast
Abstract
The features of the distribution of the Phragmites altissimus (Benth.) Mabille invasive species in Ivanovo oblast are considered. The populations of the species on the banks of the Uvod (the city of Ivanovo) and Kineshemka (the city of Kineshma) rivers and along the roadsides in the city of Yuzha are described. The range of variability in the morphological traits and the structural features of Phragmites altissimus shoots are studied. The variability in the height of shoots and length of inflorescences and a lower variability in the width of leaf blades are revealed. The measurement of the height of young shoots of Phragmites altissimus and Phragmites australis establishes that the invasive reed species develops almost 2 times faster at early stages of ontogenesis than the local species. Phragmites altissimus in Ivanovo oblast clearly tends to exhibit further distribution. This species successfully passes the complete life cycle; it forms inflorescences with developed fruits; has a rapid vegetative propagation, thereby annually increasing the size of populations; and successfully competes with native flora species.
13-21
The Invasion of Canadian Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) into Anthropogenic Landscapes of Belarus
Abstract
Invasion of Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) into anthropogenic landscapes of the southeast of Belarus is considered. The maximum occurrence of Solidago canadensis L. is noted for the urbanized landscape. A comparison of repeated geological and botanical surveys at four key sites (2005–2008 and 2015–2016) is made. During this period of time Solidago canadensis L. became a dominant in all those sites and, as a consequence, the specific diversity of natural communities decreased.
22-28
Asclepias syriaca L. in the Romensko-Poltavsky Geobotanical District (Ukraine)
Abstract
The results of an integrated research of a potentially invasive species, Asclepias syriaca, in the Romensko-Poltavsky Geobotanical District (Ukraine) are given. The viability of the seeds of this species and their laboratory germinating ability are studied. Under natural conditions, the life strategy of the species is focused on vegetative reproduction. A. syriaca forms poor floral biocenoses and grows in the communities of the Rudbeckio laciniatae-Solidaginetum canadensis Tüxen et Raabe ex Anioł-Kwiatkowska 1974 and Asclepiadetum syriacae Láníková in Chytrý 2009 associations. This species is distributed mainly in type 1 biotopes, which are formed as a result of the constant effect of anthropogenic factors. According to the Invasive Species Assessment Protocol, the level of species invasiveness is high (I-Rank = 95), which indicates a serious threat to local species and natural communities under the influence of A. syriaca distribution.
29-37
First Record of Keratella tropica (Apstein, 1907) (Rotifera: Brachionidae) in Western Siberia
Abstract
The paper presents materials about the first record of the tropical rotifera Keratella tropica (Apstein, 1907) in Western Siberia. This rotifer was first recorded in the Krivoi Uskat River, Kemerovo oblast, in July, 2016. This river is a recipient of mine water from an open cast coal mine. The most likely way of rotifer dispersal is a transfer of meromictic eggs by waterfowl.
38-43
Distribution and Some Biological Features of Invasive Species Harmonia axyridis in the Crimea
Abstract
We present data on the distribution of an invasive species Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis in the Crimea, the presence in Crimean populations of different morphological types of H. axyridis, and the population ratio of the two most numerous species of Coccinellidae, namely, Harmonia axyridis and Adalia bipunctata, in connection with their possible competition.
44-45
Pathways of Helminth Fauna Formation in Domestic Carnivores in Azerbaijan
Abstract
The host-specific and typical species, the intermediate hosts available in a certain territory, the anthropogenic factors affecting the formation of the helminth fauna, and the period of stability of their newly formed mixed foci are reported for the first time as composite component factors which can influence the formation of the helminth fauna in domestic carnivores. The performed bioecological surveys in the areas with the different environmenal characteristics in Azerbaidjan have ascertained that the helminth fauna in the domestic carnivores can be formed of 14 helminth species specific to certain analyzed animals, 24 helminth species typical of a certain area, 41 species existing in the determined intermediate hosts, and 13 helminth species occurring in the newly formed mixed infection foci. Fourteen helminth species have a potential to cause the epidemics that can affect humans.
46-49
The First Finding of Fistulobalanus kondakovi (Tarasov & Zevina, 1957) (Cirripedia: Thoracica) in the Russian Waters of the Sea of Japan
Abstract
The barnacle Fistulobalanus kondakovi (Tarasov & Zevina, 1957) was found in the fouling community at the floating substrata in Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan. The possibility of introduction of this species to the Russian waters seems to be unlikely.
50-52
Occurrence of Amorpha fruticosa L. in the South of the Russian Far East
Abstract
Results of the studies on the occurrence of the North American plant species Amorpha fruticosa L. (Fabaceae Juss.) in the south of the Russian Far East are shown. Today the species is used in landscaping in 26 inhabited localities of Primorsky krai. It is absent in natural phytocoenoses and inhabits anthropogenic landscapes. By the degree of naturalization, the species may be assigned to the group of epekophytes. Investigations show potential opportunities for wide dispersal by vegetative reproduction. For prevention of its transition to the group of aggressive agriophytes, the constant control and observation of this potentially invasive species are needed.
53-56
New Data on Distribution of Two Alien Species of Land Snails of the Family Helicidae in European Russia
Abstract
New localities of C. nemoralis in Nizhny Novgorod oblast (the city of Nizhny Novgorod), which are to date the easternmost in Europe, and two new localities of A. arbustorum in the city of Dzerzhinsk (Nizhny Novgorod oblast) and the settlement of Borok (Yaroslavl oblast) are revealed. Morphological variability and modern trends in the spread of C. nemoralis are discussed. It is shown that the diversity of morphs in the sites of introduction is significantly lower than in the regions of the main range.
57-62
Ophiostomatoid Fungi Associated with the Four-Eyed Fir Bark Beetle on the Territory of Russia
Abstract
The study is aimed at investigation of ophiostomatoid fungi, associated with the four-eyed fir bark beetle (Polygraphus proximus Blandford, Coleoptera, Curculionidae)—an invasive pest of Siberian fir Abies sibirica. In the Russian Far East, eight fungal species are associated with this bark beetle. All of these fungi (except Leptographium taigense and Grosmannia europhioides) were brought by P. proximus to its secondary range (Southern Siberia and Moscow oblast). In the secondary range, a complex of ophiostomatoid fungi connected with P. proximus consists mainly of the Far Eastern species adapted to new habitats. Phytopathogenic activity of the fungi associated with bark beetle was studied. G. aoshimae and Ophiostoma nikkoense demonstrated high phytopathogenic activity after inoculation into phloem of Siberian fir. The culture of G. aoshimae and O. subalpinum produced extensive necroses in stems of Siberian larch Larix sibirica. In general, G. aoshimae is the main fungal associate of P. proximus, considering the frequency and stability of its occurrence in samples, as well as its aggressiveness toward coniferous species of Southern Siberia. It demonstrated high aggressiveness toward Siberian fir and Siberian larch; Scots pine Pinus sylvestris is also susceptible to this fungus. Siberian spruce Picea obovata and Siberian pine Pinus sibirica are resistant. There is a high possibility of P. proximus mycobiota enrichment with a complex of fungi connected with fir sawyer beetle Monochamus urussovi Fisch., an aboriginal pest of fir in Siberia.
63-74
Reproductive Strategies of Non-Native Planktonic Crustaceans in the South-Eastern Baltic Sea
Abstract
Three nonnative crustacean species have been registered in the zooplankton of the South-Eastern Baltic Sea (SEB). Calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa and cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi have established sustainable self-reproducing populations in the SEB. The successful development of the A. tonsa population is supported by its ability to produce diapausing eggs under unfavorable temperature conditions. The reproductive strategy of C. pengoi in the environmental conditions of the SEB is aimed at increasing the gamogenesis period along with the growing production of the resting eggs. In the SEB environmental conditions, parthenogenesis is the dominant type of reproduction of cladoceran Evadne anonyx.
75-82
83-85
Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 (Ctenophora: Lobata) in the Inshore Areas of the Black Sea: 25 Years after Its Outbreak
Abstract
Abundances, biomasses, size structures, and reproduction rates of the comb jellies Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe ovata were studied in the shelf area of the Black Sea near Sevastopol in 2013–2014. Longterm data on the population development were analyzed. The peculiar feature of M. leidyi development in recent years is a shift of its development to an earlier time of the season and a significant decrease in its reproduction rate: in the summer months in 2014, the average reproduction rate of adult ctenophores (30–70 mm) constituted only 20% of that in 2004. Such shift was related to the increase in temperature in the upper homogeneous layer, which, in turn, resulted in a decrease in its feeding rate.
86-93