No 4 (2024)

Summary. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of readiness of primary school children to act in life-threatening situations and teach them rules of first aid.

Materials and methods of research. Research materials – test tasks. Prepared taking into account the age characteristics of schoolchildren. Research methods – observation methods, questionnaires, role-playing games, etc.

Results of the study and their analysis. When teaching primary school children the rules of first aid, it is necessary to correct their ideas about first aid; use non-standard solutions aimed at developing first aid skills in children, and also carry out periodic monitoring of the effectiveness of reinforcing the acquired skills.

Summary. The purpose of the study is to develop a prognostic model based on a minimum and sufficient number of simple and standard indicators of heart rate variability (HRV), capable of determining the resistance of the organism to the toxic effect of oxygen.

Materials and methods: 255 volunteers participated in the study: 109 women (mean age 23.9±5.7 years) and 146 men (mean age 25.7±5.4 years). All participants underwent hyperbaric oxygenation. To improve accuracy and confirm the obtained results, HRV measurements were performed in three stages: at rest, during the hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) procedure and after its completion.

Results of the study and their analysis. In the group of individuals resistant to the toxic effect of oxygen, the coincidence of the predicted and actual result was 83.3%. For the group with medium resistance, a higher coincidence of 91.8% was observed. In the group with low tolerance, the accuracy of the model was 91.7%.

Conclusions.

Summary. The aim of the study is to determine the average duration of inpatient treatment for victims who received injuries from limited-damage firearms (LLFWs) and the factors associated with these durations.

Materials and methods. A statistical study (in the form of the documentary observation) was carried out based on the records from 248 case histories of patients who received hospital care in Arkhangelsk and Severodvinsk (Arctic zone of the Arkhangelsk region) being wounded by NLW in 2005–2022. Simple (SLRA) and multiple linear regression analyses (MLRA) were used to detect factors and covariates associated with the duration of hospitalization of those patients.

Results of the study and their analysis. The study determined the average treatment times for victims in 2005–2014 and 2015–2022, as well as the average treatment times for victims: with a single wound, with two or more wounds; with a total severity of wounds, which was assessed using the CAP-P(OR) scale in points: less than 0.5 points, in the range of 0.5–0.99 points, and more than one point.

In addition, the average treatment times were determined for victims whose condition at the start of treatment was assessed as satisfactory, moderate, and severe.

It was concluded that the inpatient treatment times for victims with wounds from primary trauma depend mainly on the total severity of the wounds, determined using the CAP-P(OR) scale, and the severity of the victim’s condition upon hospitalization.

Summary. The purpose of the study is to develop a concept for the evacuation of victims with trauma requiring emergency surgery in a specialized medical institution in the metropolis.

Materials and methods of research. Our study included 216 patients evacuated from emergency scenes and treated in Moscow hospitals with open craniocerebral injuries and/or internal bleeding.

All patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included patients evacuated to hospitals using the developed algorithms for medical evacuation; group 2 included patients evacuated without using the specified algorithms.

Results of the study and their analysis. The results of treatment of victims with combined trauma/internal bleeding were analyzed, the risks of fatal outcome in such victims were identified, the reasons that slow down the medical evacuation of these patients to the hospital were established, the results of treatment of these patients in hospitals were assessed. It was noted that the creation of algorithms for medical evacuation of such victims in the presence of indications for urgent surgery will allow timely initiation of measures to finally stop bleeding, improve treatment results and reduce mortality by 15%.

Summary. Purpose of the study – to evaluate the efficacy of different fractions of a peptide preparation in the treatment of post-burn corneal neovascularization in an experiment.

Materials and methods. The experimental studies were conducted on 40 male Wistar rats. All animals had previously undergone a chemical burn of the cornea and conjunctiva. Various fractions of a peptide preparation containing paracrine factors of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used as treatment. For the experiment, MSCs were cultivated under hypoxic conditions. Four experimental groups and one control group of 8 rats (8 eyes) were formed. Group 1 – a peptide preparation of the total fraction was used for treatment; group 2 – a peptide preparation with a fraction of molecular weight up to 3 kDa; group 3 – with a fraction of molecular weight up to 30 kDa; group 4 – with a fraction of molecular weight from 30 to 120 kDa, in the control group a culture medium was used as treatment. Before the treatment, as well as on the 14th and 30th day of the experiment, the following studies were performed: photo registration of the fundus, biomicroscopy, corneal OCT, determination of corneal transparency.

Results of the study and their analysis. The study showed that the total fraction and the fraction with a molecular weight of up to 30 kDa, obtained by culturing MSCs under hypoxic conditions, are effective in the treatment and prevention of neovascular corneal leukoma caused by a chemical burn, and these substances may be promising for the development of drugs used in medicine to minimize the effects of injuries in man-made disasters.

Summary. Investigation purpose – to analyze and assess status of normative and legal regulation, organizational and methodological support of functioning of Disaster Medicine Service of Ministry of Healthcare of Russia; to determinate some ways of its further improvement.

Materials and methods of investigation. Materials: legal and legislative acts of the Russian Federation, normative and methodological documents used in the healthcare sphere of the country, including the Nationwide disaster medicine service and Disaster Medicine Service of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia (DMS); questionnaire on assessment of normative and legal support of Service work, filled by DMS specialists; scientific publications on actual issues of the investigation topic. Methodes: historical method, method of content-analysis and expert assessment, statistical method, method of logical and informational modelling, analytical method.

Results of investigation. In the research there are results of the study and analysis of status of normative and legal regulation, organizational and methodological support of the Service functioning, determining procedure of organization and provision of medical care and medical evacuation of victims in emergencies; inadequacy of these documents was shown and proved; the main ways of improvement of normative and methodological support of DMS working were proposed.