On the Issue of Ecological Niches of Plant Pathogens in Western Siberia

Аннотация

This article outlines a systematic and ecological approach to the analysis of ecological niches of pathogenic plant micromycetes taking into account the achievements of general and evolutionary ecology and epiphytothiology. The regularities of the expansion of phytopathogen niches in different ecological environments are traced. The evolutionarily formed primary narrow ecological niches of soil micromycetes expand as they move to the “soil–air” boundary and air environment with the damage of plant organs. The evolutionarily formed wide ecological niches of ground–air (or leaf–stem) micromycetes expand due to the air-drop transmission mechanism under favorable hydrothermal conditions. In Western Siberia, the formation of ecological niches of pathogenic micromycetes of annual and perennial plants is at different stages of completion. The suggested evolutionary ecological classification of ecological niches of phytogathogens allows one to move from the abstract concept of ecological niche hypervolume to their specific monitoring taking into account the nature of the action of factors: evolutionary ecological (tactics R, S, T), natural, and anthropogenic in agroecosystems and natural landscapes.