Regenerative In Vitro Capacity of Rare Species Rhodiola rosea L. from Various Habitats

Abstract

The morphogenetic potential of in vitro culture of the valuable medicinal plant Rhodiola rosea from six natural habitats was evaluated as a basis for developing effective methods for the reproduction and conservation of the rare species. The influence of different quality seeds from different habitats on germination in vitro, the dependence of the regenerative capacity of R. rosea shoots on the concentration and combination of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and α-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), and the effect of shoot precultivation on media with growth regulators on the development parameters of regenerants on a hormone-free medium 1/2 MS were studied. The dependence of in vitro germination of R. rosea seeds on the habitat of samples and shelf life is shown. It was noted that the introduction of growth regulators into the nutrient medium led to an increase in the multiplication factor by 1.9–2.8 times and a decrease in the height of the shoots by 2.4–3.3 times. Variant no. 2 from Sakhalin oblast was characterized by the highest average shoot height and breeding rate. For variant No. 4 from Kamchatka krai, various morphogenic reactions (sprouting, callus formation, and flowering of plants) have been noted in an in vitro culture. For all studied variants, 100% rooting on a 1/2 MS medium is typical. For variants nos. 1 and 5, the positive effect of precultivation of explants on media containing 1 mg/L BAP alone or in combination with 1 mg/L NAA is shown to obtain optimal indicators of rhizogenesis and the development of regenerants. Significant differences in the parameters of growth and development of explants in in vitro culture depending on the composition of the nutrient medium and habitat of R. rosea are shown.