Change in the Structure and Productivity of the Biota of Agaricoid Basidiomycetes According to the Results of Long-Term Monitoring in Pine Forests of Perm Oblast (Southern Taiga Subzone)

Abstract

Results of 40-year monitoring of the agaricoid biota in four types of pine forests on Perm oblast, the southern taiga subzone, are presented. We have found that the species number of fungi in pine forests varies from 80 (sphagnum pine forest) to 194 (lichen pine forest). We have found changes in species composition and an increase in species diversity in each period of monitoring. We analyze the ecological and trophic structure and define species that are dominant in regards to the basidiome number and biomass. Despite the changes in species composition, the ecological and trophic group ratio in each forest type remains almost the same. One common feature is that mycorrhizal fungi prevail in pine forests in regards to species number (55.5–61.2% of all species in the cenosis), as well as yield (52% of all basidiomes and 94% of their total biomass). We study the relation between species diversity and productivity of microbiota with the main climatic factors. We have found that July rainfall is favorable for the fruit bearing of the agarics in a pine forest with moderate humidity in August (r_s = 0.73). In swampy cenoses, June rainfall, on the contrary, has a negative impact (r_s = −0.70).