Vol 19, No 3 (2022)
- Year: 2022
- Articles: 27
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-9480/issue/view/8484
Articles
MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHANGES OF THE BRAIN IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Abstract
Against the background of the aging population and the rise in the incidence of diabetes mellitus, there is an increase in complications, including those related to the central nervous system. Today, diabetes mellitus remains a socially significant nosology, since the therapy of long-term complications of diabetes mellitus is ineffective due to insufficient study of the mechanisms of multifactorial pathogenesis. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize modern scientific data on morphofunctional changes in the brain in diabetes mellitus.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):3-8
3-8
MEDICAL ERRORS IN PRACTICE DENTIST-SURGEON (REVIEW ARTICLE)
Abstract
Medical errors in dentistry are a complex problem. There is no unambiguous and comprehensive definition of this concept. The article examines the existing classifications of medical errors, discusses their advantages and disadvantages. Possible alternative classifications of medical errors for objective and subjective reasons, for medical and non-medical factors influencing diagnosis and treatment, according to the severity of the harm done to the patient are considered. Medicine is developing, so the term "medical error" requires not just a modern view, but also official recognition as a problem. It is necessary to supplement and clarify it, for ease of use in official medical documents.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):9-13
9-13
BARIATRIC SURGERY: MODERN VIEW (REVIEW)
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is the main method of treating obesity and associated pathological conditions despite a large number of complications, relapses of obesity, side effects, lifelong monitoring and taking various medications that correct emerging metabolic disorders. The article analyzes the results of modern bariatric operations, considers an alternative view of the causes of obesity and possibLe soLutions to this chronic progressive disease.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):14-19
14-19
PREDICTORS FOR THE FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF NATURAL FOCALS O F ARBOVIRAL INFECTIONS IN THE TERRITORY OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION
Abstract
In the Volgograd region, a large number of febrile patients are registered annually in the summer. Most often, such patients are diagnosed with West Nile fever, however, the clinical manifestations of this disease are similar to the symptoms of other arbovirus fevers, for exampLe, Usutu, Sindbis, Ukuniemi. On the territory of the VoLgograd region, the circuLation of West Nile and Crimea-Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses has been established. In addition, other arboviruses, pathogenic for humans, apparentLy circuLate in the region, the fuLL species composition of which has not yet been estabLished. The existence of a number of arboviruses in the region is due to the possibiLity of a systematic introduction of pathogens by migratory birds, the presence of certain types of reservoirs and carriers here. In different years, antigens of the Sindbis virus, the California serogroup (Inko, Tyaginya virus), Batai, Ukuniemi viruses, and specific antibodies to them were detected in the field material, which indicates the presence of these pathogens in the region. The review provides a potential spectrum of arboviruses pathogenic for humans circulating in the Volgograd Region, as well as its abiotic (climate, bird migration pathways) and biotic factors (carriers, reservoirs).
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):20-28
20-28
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF A NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION (COVID-19) IN CHILDREN COGNITIVE ACTIVITY
Abstract
Clinical and laboratory observation was carried out for 91 children aged from 1 month to 14 years who were treated in an infectious hospital with a diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed by PCR in all cases. Examination of patients included general clinical and biochemical tests, markers of systemic inflammatory response, coagulation parameters, chest X-ray, chest CT scan (if it was necessary). It was found that at present time, coronavirus infection in children has all clinical signs of acute respiratory viral infections, and most children suffer from COVID-19 in moderate forms (79,1 %). Among hospitalized patients, children aged 1 to 3 years were the largest group (34,1 %), the number of children under one year old was 29,7 %. Among the clinical symptoms, the most common were moderate temperature (100 % of children), signs of inflammation of the upper respiratory tract: hyperemia of the oropharynx (87,9 %), rhinorrhea and nasal congestion (61,5 %), cough (65,9 %). Diarrhea was recorded in 14,3 % of patients, vomiting in 15,3 % of children. Pneumonia was the most common complication of coronavirus disease among hospitalized children. It was registered in 25,3 % of clinical cases. Among children under one year old, pneumonia was registered less frequently than in older children - 14,8 % and 29,7 % of observations in the groups. Clinical and radiological signs of acute bronchitis were detected in 22 children (24,2 %), symptoms of acute bronchial obstruction were diagnosed in 18,2 % of cases, and signs of laryngitis were recorded in 14,3 %. We did not find significant changes in laboratory parameters. The average duration of hospital treatment for children was 6,80 ± 4,18 days.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):29-33
29-33
SEX DIFFERENCES OF THE HUMAN BRAIN HEMODYNAMIC SUPPLY DURING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SIMULATED COGNITIVE ACTIVITY
Abstract
The article provides research data devoted to the study of an actual scientific problem of human physiology – the identification of sex differences in human cerebral hemodynamics during the solving cognitive tasks. Cognitive activity was modeled using a two-colored Schulte – Gorbov test, cerebral hemodynamics was assessed by the method of rheoencephalography, registering it in the fronto-mastoidal and occipito-mastoidal leads on the left and right. The obtained data indicate that the hemodynamic supply of brain activity in subjects of different sexes during the solution of cognitive tasks differs significantly. In particular, it was found that when the Schulte – Gorbov test was performed in male subjects, hemodynamic changes were observed in the occipital region mainly on the right, while in females – in the occipital region both: on the left and on the right.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):34-40
34-40
ACHIEVING THE TARGET REFRACTION WHEN PERFORMING FemtoLASIC IN PATIENTS 41 WITH HYPERMETROPIA
Abstract
Determing the required optimal amount of laser correction formulas and nomograms were derived to using the clinical and functional results obtained in 233 patients with mild to moderate hyperopia (233 eyes) before and after FemtoLASIK.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):41-47
41-47
CHANGES IN THE PARAMETERS OF VISUAL EVENT POTENTIALS TO A FLASH UNDER 48 THE INFLUENCE OF SPELEOTHERAPY
Abstract
The purpose of our study is to study changes in the parameters of visual evoked potentials to a flash under the influence of speleotherapy. Material and research methods. The study involved 23 2nd year students of VSMU (18-21 years old, 9 boys and 14 girls). The course of speleotherapy consisted of 10 sessions of 60 minutes each and was carried out in a stationary ground speleochamber at a temperature of 18-22 °C. The study was conducted in compliance with the basic bioethical rules. Before the start of speleotherapy, on the 3rd, on the 10th day of speleotherapy, visual evoked potentials (vEP) were registered on the right and left for a flash using the neuromyoanalyzer NMA-4-01 "Neuromian". The analysis of the data obtained was carried out using the Excel 16 version and IBM SPSS Statistics 26 programs. It was found that flash VEP is an important diagnostic method that allows not only to solve such diverse tasks as detecting the presence of vision, assessing the degree of preservation of the visual functions of the peripheral visual field, and determining the speed of the visual signal and the efficiency of its processing, but also to assess the degree of influence of non-drug methods of treatment on the human body, the work of its regulatory mechanisms, in particular, the central nervous system. The course of speleotherapy improves the speed of the visual signal, the speed of primary processing of information and the speed of analysis of visual information. Moreover, the mechanism of this improvement occurs according to Hans Selye's theory of stress: through the "emergency" stage on the third day of speleotherapy to the stage of stable adaptation on the 10th day of speleotherapy.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):48-51
48-51
A METHOD FOR MORPHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE RETINA AND CHOROID BASED ON SCANS OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY OF THE EYE
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a modern non-contact method of diagnostic examination which makes it possible to visualize a section of the retina as close as possible to its post-mortem histological section, and enables to distinguish individual layers of the human retina in a cross-section. The software pre-installed in such devices contains many different tools, but this is still not enough for a faster, more complete and accurate analysis of the obtained scans in order to make the correct diagnosis and choose the best treatment. There are more and more new and improved technologies for image processing in the world, which sets new tasks to develop additional software that can complement and expand the functionality of diagnostic equipment. This paper proposes a method of morphometric assessment of pathological conditions of the retina and chorioidea based on optical coherence tomography scans. This method is based on the algorithm for automated segmentation of the borders of the macular macular zone pathological focus, the algorithm for calculation of the area and volume of the pathological focus which together with other algorithms for analysis of the morphometric parameters of the human eye can be used for differential diagnostics of the pathological changes in the macular zone, for more precise diagnosis of the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) stage to prescribe a certain type and volume of treatment for stabilization and improvement of the central pontine visual functions.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):52-61
52-61
EVALUATION OF TELEROENTGENOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF BITE AESTHETICS IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM MANDIBULAR PROGNATHIA
Abstract
Resume. Mandibular prognathia is a common pathology of the development of the dentition, related to genetic disorders. A characteristic feature of mandibular prognathia is the overlap of the upper incisors by the lower incisors. Despite the fact that distal prognathia is more common than mandibular (mesial) prognathia, the latter affects all age categories of people. The causes of this pathology can be divided into two groups: endogenous and exogenous. Clinically, this is manifested by a violation of the aesthetic appearance of the face, due to a change in its configuration, the appearance of pronounced nasolabial folds. The purpose - of the study was to assess the teleradiological parameters of facial tissues in patients after orthodontic treatment for mandibular prognathia. Materials and methods. The collection and analysis of clinical material was carried out on the basis of the Samara City Clinical Dental Clinic No. 1, Samara, in the period from 2018 to 2022. The study involved 88 patients with removable and permanent dentition. When detecting mandibular prognathia, clinical functional tests proposed by Ilyina-Markosyan were used. Conclusion. Analysis of the results of the treatment of patients suffering from mandibular prognathia demonstrated a stable improvement in the clinical picture, which is confirmed by the results of teleroentgenography.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):62-66
62-66
AN T I M I C RO B I AL EFFICACY OF MILD PERIODONTITIS INITIAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II WITH DIFFERENT DURATION OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE
Abstract
Endocrine pathology, including diabetes mellitus, significantly affects the immune response characteristics to microbial invasion and, as a result, the microbial balance of the oral cavity in normal conditions and in periodontal diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of mild periodontitis nonsurgical treatment in patients with type II diabetes mellitus with different duration of endocrine disease. It is shown that before the start of therapy, in dependance of endocrine pathology duration, the bacterial flora of periodontal pockets in the groups was different. The standard therapy also demonstrated varying degrees of effectiveness, and on the background of positive response to the treatment in both groups, the trend to normalization of the microflora in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus was more evident.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):67-73
67-73
DENTAL AND ELEMENTAL STATUS OF ADOLESCENTS LIVING ON THE TERRITORY OF YAMAL
Abstract
The lack of information on the relationship between the indicators of micro, macronutrient and dental status of adolescents living in Yamal was the basis for analyzing these indicators. A comprehensive dental examination of 112 adolescents aged 12 and 15 years, from among the indigenous peoples living in the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, an assessment of the actual nutrition and elemental composition of blood serum was carried out. The analysis of the data showed that the prevalence of dental caries among the examined exceeds 99 %. The CPI index ranged from 4,6-7,7. The imbalance of micro- and macroelements involved in ontogenesis and providing the processes of remineralization of hard tooth tissues was revealed. Correction of the elemental status should be included in the complex of therapeutic and preventive measures that increase caries resistance.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):74-78
74-78
PHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THERAPY REGIMENS FOR AGGRESSIVE 79 LYMPHOMA AND HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
Abstract
The registration of new drugs significantly expands the possibilities of hematologists and oncologists in the treatment of tumors of lymphoid tissue. The cost of new monoclonal antibodies, inhibitors of various signaling pathways and immune checkpoints disproportionately exceeds the direct cost of "classical" programs of combined cytostatic therapy. The regimens included in the National Clinical Guidelines remain the basis of first-line therapy, are combined with new agents, and are the standards of comparison of treatment efficacy for new agents. Regional population registries can be a source of useful information on the quantities of basic first- and subsequent-line cytostatic agents needed and the size of the financial costs of providing therapy to patients with hemoblastosis.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):79-85
79-85
IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES ON THE RISK OF PANCREATOGENIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH NUTRITIONAL PANCREATONECROSIS
Abstract
Resume. Aim. Study of the dependence of the degree of risk of developing pancreatogenic encephalopathy (PEP) on demographic variables in patients with nutritional pancreatic necrosis. Materials and methods. A single-center prospective cohort non-randomized study was conducted on the basis of the Faculty Surgery Clinic of the Volgograd State Medical University in the period from 2010 to 2020. To determine the significance of the influence of a patient-dependent factor on the risk of developing PEP, ROC analysis was used. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the degree of risk of developing PEP against the background of a combination of several covariates. Results. The study included 429 patients with pancreatic necrosis of alimentary origin. A comparative analysis of the incidence of PEP was carried out depending on gender and age, the trigger of the disease (alcohol-associated versus non-alcoholic pancreatic necrosis) and comorbid background. It has been proven that significant factors that increase the risk of developing PEP are age over 60 years (p = 0,04), alcohol-associated pancreatic necrosis (p < 0,001) and cardiovascular pathology - ischemic heart disease (p < 0,001). A statistically significant regression model of the effect of cardiovascular pathology on the incidence of PEP has been developed, which makes it possible to calculate the risk of this complication in a particular patient. Conclusions. Significant demographic variables that increase the risk of PEP include age over 60 years, alcoholic pancreatitis, and the presence of coronary artery disease in a patient. The developed logistic model makes it possible to calculate the personalized risk of PEP during hospitalization of a patient with nutritional pancreatic necrosis.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):86-93
86-93
INDICATIONS AND RESULTS OF PREVENTIVE MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGICAL DECOMPRESSION IN INTRAPERITONEAL HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH STERILE PANCREATIC NECROSIS WITH CARDIAC AND PULMONARY COMORBIDITY
Abstract
Resume. Intra-abdominal hypertension (IBH) in patients with sterile pancreatic necrosis (SP) leads to the formation of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in 6-8 96. The most vulnerable in this regard are patients with cardiac and pulmonary comorbidity (CLC). Difficulties in predicting the development of ACS in most cases do not allow making a timely decision on surgical decompression, which leads to delayed surgical treatment and associated high mortality. Objective: to develop and conduct a clinical evaluation of a method for determining indications for preventive minimally invasive surgical decompression in IBH in patients with SP with cardiac and pulmonary comorbidity. Materials and methods. Prospective cohort studies were performed in 84 patients with sterile pancreatic necrosis with CLC, of which 40 patients were in the main group and 44 in the comparison group. Results and discussion. IBH I-II art. was formed in the main group in 32 (80 %) patients, in the comparison group in 34 (77 %). In 10 (29,4 %) patients from group for comparison, ACS developed, while in all 5 (5/22 - 22,7 %) patients with IBH of the first art., it was not possible to diagnose the syndrome in vivo. Categorically, it became possible to verify ACS only in 5 (5/12 - 41,6 %) patients with type II IBH, however, delayed surgical decompression in 60 % (3 out of 5) cases led to mortality. In the main group of patients with SP with CLC, the developed method for determining indications for preventive surgical decompression in IBH I-II art., allowed to prevent the development of ACS in 34 % (11 out of 32) patients, to reduce the number of intraoperative complications by 43 %, and the minimally invasive variant of operations reduced the number of early postoperative complications by 75 %. Conclusions. The developed method for determining indications for preventive minimally invasive surgical decompression in patients with SP with CLC allowed to reduce the mortality associated with an increase in intra-abdominal pressure by more than 2 times, and the overall mortality by 5,5 %.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):94-100
94-100
MUSCLE-MOTOR DISORDERS IN PREGNANT WOMEN
Abstract
Resume. Objective. Conduct a systematic analysis of the results of domestic and foreign clinical studies on changes in the functions of the musculoskeletal system of a pregnant woman and, based on our own research, study the relationship between pregnancy and disorders of the musculoskeletal system in women. Methods. The study included a survey conducted among 102 women during pregnancy and 18 women in the postpartum period. The following parameters were also determined: body weight before pregnancy and at the moment, woman's height glucose and blood pressure levels, hemoglobin values. the length and width of the foot, the range of motion in the joints of the limbs of pregnant women were measured in order to identify signs of joint hypermobility. All measurements of the foot were made using a stopometer and caliper with the calculation of the podometry index. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 program. Results. During pregnancy, women are concerned about pain of various localization: in the back, neck, legs, spasms of the muscles of the legs. There is a change in anthropometric parameters and the index of podometry, in particular, an increase in the foot by 1-2 sizes, due to a decrease in the arches of the feet under the influence of hormonal changes, with the development or progression of the existing combined flat feet. In pregnant women using insoles, the absence of flattening of the arches of the feet and a decrease in pain in the spine and extremities are determined. Conclusion. The analysis confirmed that women during pregnancy are at high risk of developing disorders of the musculoskeletal system. The results of the study showed that changes in the arches of the foot lead to abnormal kinematics of the joints of the lower limb and spine during pregnancy and, if not corrected, persist in the postpartum period.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):101-107
101-107
PREVALENCE OF FLATFOOT VALGUS DEFORMITY IN CHILDREN OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION
Abstract
Flatfoot valgus deformity brings about the formation of overloaded kinetic muscular chains, changes in the biomechanics of feet and overlaying locomotor portions of extremities and vertebral column. The purpose of the study was to reveal the presence and investigate flatfoot valgus deformity in children with platypodia aged 7-14. To study the condition of feet we used the following materials and methods: clinical examination and plantoscopy, podometry, and radiography. The analysis of case histories of podiatric patients aged 7-14 including podometry and plantography findings presented as numerical values, digital photographs of feet and diagnostic conclusions about the type and severity of the pathology was performed. The study has demonstrated that flatfoot valgus deformity associated with a combined type of flatfoot prevails both in boys - in 62 (40 %) and girls - in 38 (24,5 %) cases. The obtained findings have also shown that most children have early stages of valgus deformity, which is observed both in boys in 59 (17) cases and girls in 54 (16) cases. The following conclusions have been made: regular monitoring of foot condition must be performed in children, therapeutic correction of foot static deformities shouLd be made. A weLL-directed programme of exercise therapy and surgicaL treatment of pronounced deformities in chiLdren are required.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):108-114
108-114
THE RESULTS OF THE INTRODUCTION OF A NEW TWO-STAGE TECHNIQUE FOR THE TREATMENT OF EPITHELIAL COCCYGEAL PASSAGE
Abstract
The effectiveness of the developed original two-stage method of surgical treatment of epithelial coccygeal passage (positive decision on the issue of the Russian Federation patent for invention under application № 2021127105) was studied by comparing the resuLts of using the impLemented new method with the use of traditionaL methods. 60 patients were included in the study, forming 3 comparable clinical observation groups. Comparative analysis of the final results, the number of earLy and Long-term postoperative compLications reveaLed reLiabLe advantages of the deveLoped technoLogy, consisting in reducing the proportion of postoperative complications, recurrences of sacrococcygeal fistulas, reducing the duration of treatment and hospitaL stay.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):115-120
115-120
NEPHROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF A COMBINATION OF THE PEPTIDE MIMICKING THE a-SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE p ERYTHROPOIETIN CHAIN AND INFLIXIMAB IN RENAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY
Abstract
Resume. The search for new drugs with cytoprotective and anti-ischemic activity is an urgent task of modern pharmacology. These properties are necessary for the complex protection of renal parenchyma during organ preservation operations (renal resection), most often carried out in conditions of thermal ischemia. Only the combined use of modern highly effective drugs and the skill of an operating surgeon can prevent the development of acute renal injury (AKI) due to pinching of renal vessels. The aim of this study was to investigate the nephroprotective effects of a combination of a peptide mimicking the a-helix B of erythropoietin (pHBSP) and infliximab in ischemic reperfusion damage to the kidneys. Methods. The experiment was conducted on 50 white laboratory male Wistar rats weighing 280-320 g. Animals were injected with a peptide mimicking the a-helix B of erythropoietin (pHBSP) and infliximab. Under anesthesia, atraumatic vascular clamps were applied to the left renal pedicle for 40 minutes, nephrectomy on the right. Functional samples and laboratory tests were performed 5 minutes and 72 hours after reperfusion. Results. As a result of the study, it was shown that using a combination of the peptide simulating a-helix B erythropoietin (pHBSP) and infliximab in ischemic-reperfusion kidney injury showed significantly more pronounced nephroprotective effects than using the peptide mimicking a-helix B erythropoietin or infliximab in the mono mode. Conclusion.The results of the study show the promise of combined use of peptide simulating a-helix B erythropoietin (pHBSP) and infliximab in order to correct ischemic-reperfusion kidney injuries.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):121-127
121-127
NEUROPROTECTIVE ACTION OF BUTORPHANOL AND RU-1205 WITH EVALUATION OF THEIR EFFECT O N THE BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN IN THE GLOBAL ISCHEMIA MODEL
Abstract
Since ischemic stroke is an extremely common and dangerous pathology, it is important to use drugs with neuroprotective activity. The depth and degree of brain damage due to ischemia are reflected in its bioelectrical activity. This makes it possible to use the electrocorticography or intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) as a tool for evaluating the effectiveness of neuroprotective therapy. In the present study the neuroprotective properties of the experimental compound RU-1205 and the kappa-opioid agonist butorphanol were analyzed. The neuroprotective effect of the substances was assessed by measuring the extent of the neurological deficit and the changes in bioelectrical activity of the ischemic brain of rats. Compound RU-1205 (10 mg/kg, i.v.) as well as the reference drug butorphanol (2,5 mg/kg, i.v.) restored to normal neurological status and power of the EEG signal in delta and theta frequency bands.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):128-133
128-133
PHARMACOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF A OUINOXALINE DERIVATIVE WITH ANXIOLYTIC PROPERTIES
Abstract
The interactions of compound ZDM-81 with some CNS neurotransmitter systems were studied using in vivo methods to evaluate the interaction of the compound with dopaminergic (catalepsy, induced with haloperidol), adrenergic (clonidine hypothermia), GABAergic (test of interaction with flumazenil) and serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptophan hyperkinesis) systems. It was shown that the ZDM-81 compound is able to prolong and potentiate the effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan, reduces catalepsy caused by haloperidol, does not affect the hypothermic effect of clonidine, and the effect of the ZDM-81 compound is blocked by flumazenil. Thus, for the studied substance, a serotonergic, GABAergic, and weak dopaminergic pathway for the realization of the action was shown, which requires further research.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):134-140
134-140
CERENERLAL REMODELING AFTER CRANIO-BRAIN INJURY IN HIGH MOUNTAINS
Abstract
The article discusses the presentation of the features of cerebellar remodeling after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the highlands. The experiment was carried out on 106 outbred male rats weighing 210-290 g in compliance with the rules of laboratory practice. In high-altitude conditions, in contrast to low-altitude conditions, significant changes occur in the cerebellum, namely, changes in the membrane potential of cells, ectopia of Purkinje cells, pronounced changes in molecular and granular layers.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):141-149
141-149
APPLICATION EXPERIENCE OF THE STRESSPROTECTIVE BINAURAL INFLUENCE METHOD IN ETIOPATOGENETIC CORRECTION OF BRUXISM IN DENTAL PRACTICE
Abstract
The article presents the data of a complex dental and neurophysiological examination of young people with parafunctional activity of the masticatory muscles (bruxism). The effectiveness of stress-protective lateral heterosuggestion technique in the etiological and pathogenetic correction of bruxism and the possibility of its use in dental practice have been proven.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):150-156
150-156
SYST E MI C MANIFESTATIONS OF FUNCTIONAL, PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMICAL ADDICTIONS IN MEN AND WOMEN
Abstract
The aim of the work was to identify the links between indicators of functional and psychophysiological status with psychological characteristics that determine the risk of developing chemical addictions in men and women. The study was carried out with the participation of 309 people, 137 men and 172 women aged 18-30, students of state universities in Volgograd, Samara and Arkhangelsk. The level of consumption of legal psychoactive substances was assessed based on the results of a retrospective self-assessment by respondents of the frequency of alcohol intake and tobacco smoking experience. The psychological status of the study participants was determined by evaluating the indicators of the Freiburg multifactorial personality questionnaire, adventurousness and social destructiveness. The psychophysiological status of the subjects was assessed according to standard electroencephalography indicators. The functional status was characterized by analyzing the level of general nonspecific reactivity of the organism. As a result of the performed research, the systematic manifestation of functional, psychophysiological and psychological prerequisites for the individual formation of a person's propensity to consume legal psychoactive substances is substantiated. The combination of a high level of general nonspecific reactivity of the organism with low values of the alpha rhythm amplitude and pronounced adventurousness, both in men and women in the follicular or luteal phases of the ovarian-menstrual cycle, is a prognostic criterion for the risk of alcohol and tobacco addiction. Comprehensive accounting of phenotypic indicators of a person's predisposition to the demand for psychoactive substances is able to optimize the system of health-saving support for students.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):157-164
157-164
EXPRESSION OF CD31 PROTEINS, WILLEBRAND FACTOR AT DIFFERENT TIMES OF COVID-19 PNEUMONIA
Abstract
The role of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in the genesis of pulmonary vascular lesions in COVID-19 pneumonia is discussed. There are few pathoanatomical works devoted to the study of the expression of CD31 proteins, von Willebrand factor involved in maintaining hemostasiological balance at different times of COVID-19 pneumonia. Materials and methods. The study of autopsy lung material of 80 deceased with COVID-19 pneumonia, taking into account the chronological timing of the development of the disease (up to 14 days, 15-21 days, 22-40 days). A complex of morphological, histological, immunohistochemical studies (CD31, vWF) was performed with computer morphometry and statistical processing of the results. Results. Pronounced vascular changes with the development of microthrombus formation are observed at 2-3 weeks of the disease, which is accompanied by a bright expression of the CD31 protein, a moderate expression of the von Willebrand factor protein. After 22-40 days of development of COVID-19 pneumonia, there are signs of neoangiogenesis, remodeling of pulmonary vessels. © Тодоров C.C., Тодоров C.C. (мл.), Казьмин А.С., 2022 Conclusions. The data obtained supplement our understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 pneumonia at different stages of development, the role of the expression of CD31 and vWF proteins in pulmonary vessels, which are important for assessing endothelial dysfunction and hemostasis.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):165-173
165-173
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE COMBINED RISK OF PROGRESSION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN COMBINATION WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS USING SOFTWARE TOOLS
Abstract
The article presents a comparative analysis of the combined risk of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the development of cardiovascular complications (CVD) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and AH patients in combination with type 2 diabetes meUitus (DM) using software tools. It is proposed to use the "HeartCare" Internet resource developed by the authors, which presents the main methods for determining cardiovascular and combined risk in various groups of patients. It was noted that among persons with AH and DM type 2, patients with high and very high combined risk were statistically significantly more likely to be identified in comparison with patients with "isolated" hypertension (55,2 vs 17,1 % in the main and control groups, respectively). The "HeartCare" resource allows you to evaluate personal risks in dynamics.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):174-178
174-178
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF CHEMIO- AND RADIATION THERAPY I N CANC E R PAT IEN TS : WHAT A CARDIO-ONCOLOGIST SHOULD KNOW PART II)
Abstract
In the second part of the review, the analysis of modern literature data demonstrating the pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of cardiovascular complications of chemo- and radiation therapy in oncological patients should be continued.
Journal of Volgograd State Medical University. 2022;19(3):179-183
179-183