Vol 26, No 3 (2024)

Artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision tools play an important role in automatically determining plant growth stages. The study aims to analyze modern technologies for automatic analysis and measurement of plant characteristics such as height, leaf area and other morphometric parameters. This article discusses the use of computer vision and neural networks for monitoring morphometric parameters and predicting the yield of green crops. An algorithm has been developed for determining the growth stage, which collects data about plants using a multispectral camera and then analyzes the obtained information using neural networks. Training for growth stage classification was performed on a subsample of the original dataset, consisting of 273 randomly selected images maintaining class balance (91 images in each class). The training sample size for each class is 45 images, and the test sample size is 46 images for each class. Classification of growth stage showed high results: more than 95% of correctly recognized specimens; more than 93% correct recognition of individual growth stages. In terms of individual metrics (Precision, Recall, F1-score), the ResNet34 architecture performed best.

In Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology a high-energy laser deposits metal powder layer-by-layer onto a building platform. High geometric accuracy in SLP is critical to producing high-quality parts. Modern calibration methods require significant manual labor, major equipment modification, or the use of expensive auxiliary equipment. This paper presents a new technique for calibrating galvanometer mirrors for SLP technology using an external camera. The proposed approach allows to simplify, cheapen and automate the calibration process.

The article presents the architecture and software implementation of a service for collecting data and predicting student employment based on a fully connected neural network using the example of graduates of Kabardino-Balkarian State University in areas related to information technology. The service operates as a website and allows to collect, store and analyse data on academic performance, activity, employment and learning conditions of graduates. The presented neural network model predicts the main parameters associated with employment based on the results of a student survey, including the expected level of remuneration, job search time and employee workload. At the same time, the set of input parameters used makes it possible to take into account not only data on academic performance, but also demographic indicators and conditions in the region of the student’s studies. Forecasting employment conditions can be used not only to select the direction of training for applicants and build educational trajectories for students, but also to plan changes to the university curriculum. The work provides the structure of the site, the architecture of the neural network and a description of the software implementation of the service.

The article presents a brief review of publication activity on food allergy and information systems in the organization of a balanced and safe diet, using food allergy as an example. The study was conducted on the materials in the databases “eLIBRARY”, “PubMED” with the use of “Bibliometrix” and programming language R. The distribution of publications and a review of scientific achievements in the field of food allergies are provided. Measurement and comparison are used as empirical research methods. For a more detailed technological analysis of food allergens in menus, a methodology based on the dose-effect relationship is proposed.

To create highly productive corn hybrids, it is necessary to have high-quality linear material of inbred lines, which must have a number of economically useful traits, as well as be adapted to agroclimatic conditions. This article presents the result of a study of economically useful traits of sweet corn lines and their interrelationship, as well as the influence of weather conditions on the formation of these traits for the period from 2020 to 2022 research. All selected lines are presented from the available material in the collection of the Federal State Budgetary Institution All-Russian Research Institute of Corn, which is located in the Foothill zone of the Stavropol Territory, Pyatigorsk. The object of the research was 10 lines of sweet corn created by breeders of our institute. The study revealed a direct correlation between such economically useful traits as plant height and height of attachment of the cob (r = 0.92), the number of days before flowering of the cob and plant height (r = 0.99), the weight of 1000 seeds and the number rows (r = 0.78), and other characteristics that are in direct relationship with each other, as well as economically useful characteristics that do not bear any relationship between variations, for example: the duration of the germination period – flowering of the cob and the length of the cob (r = –0.68), grain weight per cob and weight of 1000 grains (r = –0.63), grain weight per cob and plant height (r = –0.80), etc. Based on the research results, recommendations for practical selection are given, which will be useful for creating new generation hybrids.

The article examines issues of integration processes that have affected virtually all areas of agricultural business. Foreign and domestic experience confirms that large food companies achieve increased production efficiency and high competitiveness. Along with the fact that they hold the product market, they also have the opportunity to motivate producers of raw materials, using various areas of integration and cooperation. The history of integration processes development both in Russia and abroad confirms their effectiveness by combining all the resources of the integrating structures, while maintaining legal independence. An analysis of the development of integration processes in Russia has revealed the high efficiency and effectiveness of the integration of various forms and types of agro-industrial formations. The conducted research made it possible to substantiate the need for further development and intensification of integration processes in the agro-industrial complex, allowing to unite various forms and types of economic entities, and to form a powerful potential for the further breakthrough development of the country’s agro-industrial complex in the conditions of digital transformation of the economy.

The article examines the most comprehensive reports of the head of the Terek region as historical sources for the study of various aspects of the socio-economic life of both the region and the Nalchik district that is part of it. The annual reports of the head of the region from 1889 to 1905 were analyzed, namely the period when Small Kabarda was not part of the Nalchik district. The structure and content of reports, as well as their dynamics, have been studied in detail. It is concluded that the information presented in the reports of the head of the region allows not only to substantively study the issues of organizing a food supply system for residents of the Nalchik district.

The article uses the material of dictionaries of the modern Karachay-Balkar language for the first time to study the sports terminological system. It identifies and systematically describes frequently used terms in sports and physical culture, as well as referee words (terms) used by sports judges. At the same time, the problems of their lexicography are recorded. The work draws attention to the main sources of its replenishment and development, and notes changes and terms adaptation. Some sports terms of foreign language origin are systematically identified. When determining borrowed and traced sports lexemes, data from various lexicographic sources were used. The materials and conclusions of this work will contribute to the streamlining and standardization of sports terms and will assist media representatives in preparing information on sports topics. They can also be used in the process of creating translated bilingual dictionaries, and will become the basis for compiling a dictionary and a translating dictionary of sports terms in Karachay-Balkar language, the publication of which has been in need for media workers.