Standardization and regulation of the rate of the superoxide-generating reaction of adrenaline autoxidation used for evaluation of pro/antioxidant properties of various materials

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The superoxide-generating reaction of adrenaline autoxidation is widely used for determination of superoxide dismutase activity and pro/antioxidant properties of various materials. There are two variants of the spectrophotometric registration of the products of this reaction. The first one is based on registration of adrenochrome (a product of adrenaline autoxidation) at 347 nm; the second approach employs nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) and registration of diformazan (a product of NBT reduction) at 560 nm. In the present work, recommendations for the standardization of the reaction rate in both variants have been given. The main approach consists in the use of a pharmaceutical form of 0.1% adrenaline hydrochloride solution. Although each of two adrenaline preparations available in the Russian market has some individual features in kinetic behavior of adrenaline autoxidation, they are applicable for the superoxide generating system. Performing measurements at 560 nm, the reaction rate can be regulated by lowering concentration of added adrenaline, whereas during spectrophotometric registration at 347 nm, this is not applicable. These features of the adrenaline autoxidation reaction may be attributed to the multistage process of adrenaline conversion to adrenochrome and also to coupled electron transfer from adrenaline and intermediate products of its oxidation to oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbonate bicarbonate ions. This results in formation of corresponding radicals detectable by adding NBT.