Pharmacological approaches for correction of thyroid dysfunctions in diabetes mellitus

Resumo

Thyroid diseases are closely associated with the development of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and the development of effective approaches for their treatment is one of the urgent problems of endocrinology. Traditionally, thyroid hormones (THs) are used to correct functions of the thyroid system. However, they are characterized by many side effects, including their negative effect on the cardiovascular system as well as the ability of TH to enhance insulin resistance and to impair insulin-producing function of the pancreas thus exacerbating diabetic pathology. In this context significant efforts have been made to develop TH analogues, selective for certain types of TH receptors that do not have these side effects. The peptide and lowmolecular weight regulators of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, which regulate the activity of the thyroid axis at the stage of TH synthesis and secretion in thyrocytes, are being created. Systemic and intranasal administration of insulin, as well as metformin therapy and administration of antioxidants are effective for the treatment of thyroid pathology in patients with types 1 and 2 DM. In the review, the literature data and the results of own studies on pharmacological approaches for the treatment and prevention of thyroid diseases in patients with types 1 and 2 DM have been summarized and analyzed.