Epigenetic factors in atherogenesis: MicroRNA

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (~22 nucleotides in length) noncoding RNA sequences regulating gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. MicroRNAs bind complementarily to certain mRNA and cause gene silencing. miRNAs are involved in plaque formation and rapture, regulation of cholesterol metabolism, inflammatory response, cell cycle progression and proliferation, platelet activation; they also influence functions of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). This suggests their important roles in initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs play a key role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis. The use of antisense oligonucleotides is considered as promising technique for targeted changes in gene expression both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we consider the role of miRNAs in progression of atherosclerosis, their use as potential biomarkers and targets in the treatment of CVDs, as well as possible application of antisense oligonucleotides.