Volume 25, Nº 3 (2025)
- Ano: 2025
- Artigos: 19
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1819-4907/issue/view/24506
Edição completa
Russian History
The “service town” of Yuriev-Polsky at the end of the XVI – the first half of the XVII century
Resumo
For the first time, the article examines the noble corporation of Yuriev-Polsky (the socalled “service town”) for almost a century. The main source was the tithes of 1608, thanks to which it was possible to establish which of the Yurievites took part in the Battle of Bolkhovo on April 30 – May 1, 1608. It was found out which events of the XVI–XVII centuries were attended by the service people listed in this list, as well as their ancestors and descendants, what awards they received for their service and how their career growth took place. It has been found that a significant part of the Yuriev landowners are descended from noble Novgorodians who were settled in Yurievsky Uyezd at the end of the XV century by order of Grand Duke Ivan III, as well as from “domestic Lithuania”.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):288-295
288-295
History of the Panchulidzev family: The twists of fate
Resumo
The article reconstructs the history of the family of the noble family Panchulidzev in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries on the basis of a set of documentary materials and scientific literature. The biography of Sergei Alekseevich Panchulidzev is reconstructed, his role as a zemstvo figure of Saratov province, in the Council of the United Nobility and a researcher of the history of the Russian army is shown. The living conditions of the Panchulidzev family during the Great Russian Revolution are revealed and the unsuccessfulness of their social practices of survival in the extreme conditions of the revolutionary time is proved.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):296-304
296-304
At the origins of the social and literary movement of the early XIX century: The Friendly Literary Society
Resumo
The first quarter of the XIX century is the period of the emergence of various literary salons which had a great influence on the spiritual life of Russian society. Famous poets, prose writers, translators and journalists honed their skills there. The paper considers the Friendly Literary Society which formed in Moscow in January 1801. The author comes to the conclusion that it can be considered a prototype of future literary salons. The Society did not outgrow the framework of a friendly circle, but the issues discussed by its participants did not lose their relevance in subsequent decades.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):305-311
305-311
Participation of the Military Commission under the Federation of Foreign RCP(b) Groups in the organization of international military formations during the Civil War in Russia (late 1919 – early 1920)
Resumo
The article examines the issues of centralized organization of international military formations during the Civil War on the side of Soviet Russia. Based on archival and previously published documents, the main stages of activity of the Military Commission under the Federation of Foreign Groups of the RCP(b) are studied. Special attention is paid to the work of its member A. Hoffmann in Siberia, where the existing situation required a special approach. The main problems in organizing international formations are identified and characterized: the shortage of qualified political and command personnel, the crisis of transport and communications, bureaucratic obstacles, problems of interaction between authorities at all levels, and the difficult humanitarian situation of former prisoners of war.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):312-320
312-320
On the way of creation of the CGC of the SSSR: Projects of organization of special bodies for establishment and investigation of atrocities committed by hitlerites in the occupied territories of the SSSR in 1941
Resumo
The paper analyzes the projects submitted to the Soviet leadership in 1941 for the establishment of organizations for reporting and investigation of war crimes committed by Hitler’s accomplices in the occupied territories of the Soviet Union. Based on archival materials, some of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, collections of published documents, as well as a number of studies devoted to the formation of a system of bodies for calculating damage, the legal framework for the activities of the “Kapitsa Commission” and the “Khavinson Committee”, the proposed forms and methods of work are determined. Based on the research results the reasons why none of the presented projects were implemented in practice.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):321-326
321-326
The problems of organizing the educational process in the universities of Voroshilovgrad region after liberation from the Nazi invaders
Resumo
The article identifies and analyzes the problems of organizing the educational process in the higher educational institutions of Voroshilovgrad region in 1943–1945. It is noted that, the higher educational institutions of the region were evacuated and began to establish the educational work, which was complicated by the low pace of restoration of the material and technical base, the involvement of students in production and mobilization for various jobs, and the transformation of curricula. It is shown that the measures to resume the educational activities fell on the shoulders of the teaching staff, which was characterized by understaffing and a low level of quality staff. This led to an increase in workload, non-fulfillment of curricula, and a decrease in the quality of students’ knowledge. It is argued that since 1944 a gradual increase in the student body began, which was characterized by the predominance of junior courses, the dominance of women and a heterogeneous composition
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):327-335
327-335
Reforming the regional agricultural management system of the BSSR: The turns of the N. S. Khrushchev “great decade”
Resumo
The main directions (decentralization and centralization) and specific forms of reorganization of agricultural management bodies as an element of the new state agrarian policy in 1953–1964, their practical implementation in the Byelorussian SSR are considered. It is noted that the most significant changes occurred at the district level as the closest to the direct business entities.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):336-343
336-343
Budgets of families of collective farmers of the USSR in 1958–1964 (based on unpublished statistics from 1965)
Resumo
The article analyzes statistical data, closed for many decades to the average user, on the budgets of families of peasant farmers in 1958–1964. Analyzing these materials, it can be concluded that the situation of the collective farm peasantry of the USSR has not undergone significant changes. Monetary incomes increased slightly, while income from personal household holdings decreased as a result of government policy restrictions. The consumption of various types of agricultural products had no upward trends. The financial situation of collective farmers in 1958–1964 remained difficult.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):344-350
344-350
World History
From Egypt to Zagreb. The history of Roman Catholic orders in the Balkans
Resumo
The article examines the problem of the development of mendicant orders in Central Europe, mainly in Croatia, Slavonia and Bosnia. The author suggests that the activities of the mendicant orders in the 13th century became one of the most impressive achievements of the Roman Papacy in the Middle Ages. In particular, the Franciscans were able not only to adapt to living conditions in different regions of Italy, but also rapidly established their presence throughout Europe and then beyond. In the future, mendicant monks will play an important role in defending the Balkans from the Ottoman Turks while repelling the attacks of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed Fatih. But already in the middle of the 13th century, the Franciscans and Dominicans became an important integrating factor and greatly contributed to the urbanization of many countries. Despite the fact that the history of the mendicant orders has been actively studied in Catholic historiography, many aspects of their settlement and influence on the regions have remained unexplored due to the very specifics of their work.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):351-359
351-359
The Bohemian city of Hradec Kralove: The main milestones of medieval history
Resumo
The article examines the early history of the Bohemian city of Hradec Kralove, traces the origins of its medieval development, and identifies the features of the historical path traversed by the city in the 13th – 14th centuries. The causes and consequences of the transformation of Hradec Kralove into the residence of the dowager queens of the Bohemia are determined.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):360-364
360-364
Сrime in Munster in XVII century
Resumo
Based on the analysis of the preservedmaterials of the judicial and investigative cases the article examines the state of crime in Munster in XVII century. The author analyzes the structure of crime depending on the prevalence of acts in judicial practice, and also examines the socioprofessional composition of criminals. The author comes to the conclusion that the large share of personal and property crimes in the overall structure of crime was influenced by economic, social and political factors, while the insignificant share of crimes against the city government of Munster, religious crimes and crimes against family and morality was influenced by the effective policy of the authorities in these areas.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):365-370
365-370
Hendrik de Man vs. Karl Kautsky – Toward a history of ideological discussions in German Social Democracy in the 1920s
Resumo
On the basis of archival materials and published documents the article deals with the polemics between Hendrik de Man and Karl Kautsky onthe problem of psychology of socialism in 1926–1927. It is shownthatthis ideological dispute was connected withthe generaltendency in German and international social democracy to move away from Marxism towards ideological pluralism. The author concludes that, despite the formal preservation of Marxist foundations in the program documents of German Social Democracy, they did not determine the policy of the party, which was losing its narrow class character. K. Kautsky’s attempt to disavow de Man’s anti-Marxist postulates did not meet support, and the discussion itself quickly came to naught.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):371-374
371-374
The “Iranian Awakening” in the perception of the Western observer: Myths and reality
Resumo
The article attempts to analyze the materials of Western travelogues concerning the events in Iran in 1905–1911, which became a powerful ideological factor in the domestic political life of the country, for the first time so powerfully and obviously faced with the influence of Western ideas, the central part of which were the representative form of government, the constitution and the institution of the Majlis. It is no coincidence that these events were called the “Iranian awakening” (рers. bidari-ye irani) in ideological terms and the “constitutional movement” (рers. jonbeshe mashruteh) in the political. Actively disseminated in the official Western media and in the works of well-known colonial figures of Great Britain, which played the role of the leading power of the Western world throughout the 19th century, the point of view regarding the Westernization of Persia during the “Iranian awakening” turned out to be clearly one-sided and simplified the main course of events. The involvement of numerous travel guides of Western travelers who visited the country during the study period, who were not biased by their professional affiliation to the British government institutions, as additional sources of materials, allowed us to look at what is happening more objectively and not biased.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):375-382
375-382
The International Monetary Fund in the focus of party rivalry in the United States (late XX – early XXI centuries)
Resumo
The article is devoted to the study of the evolution of the International Monetary Fund under the influence of various international interests, primarily the political elite of the United States. The main focus is on analyzing the IMF reform process and the impact of various American administrations on it. The assumption is substantiated that D. Trump’s return will not terminate the US membership in the fund, he will try to adapt it to solving his strategic tasks.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):383-388
383-388
Regional History and Local Studies
Soviet armed formations in the fight against the insurgency in the territory of the Volga German region (March – April 1921)
Resumo
The article examines one of the episodes of the struggle of Soviet armed formations against the peasant insurgency during the end of the Civil War. We are talking about the suppression of an uprising in the territory of the Volga Germans in March – April 1921. The author shows the situation in the camps of two opposing forces – Soviet armed formations and peasant rebels – atthetime oftheir clash, consistently describesthe events ofthe battle inthree cantons ofthe region – Marxstadt, Zelmansky and Baltsersky, draws attention to the strengths and weaknesses of the opponents. The author comes to the conclusion that in difficult conditions, thanks to a well-thought-out organization of military operations, the Soviet armed formations managed to fulfill their task in a short time: to suppress the peasant uprising.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):389-396
389-396
Artels of disabled people as a part of industrial cooperation of Astrakhan Governorate in 1920s
Resumo
The article analyzes the activities of disabled artels in the 1920s on the territory of Astrakhan Governorate. On the basis of archival material, first introduced into the scientific circulation, two invalid artels were singled out: “Inrybak” and “Ray of Cooperation”. Special attention is paidto production activities, financial indicators, personnel composition,their comparative analysis is carried out. The reasons of achievements and failures accompanying the artels throughout the period of their existence are shown.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):397-404
397-404
The evolution of leisure forms in the daily life of Saratov workers in the 1920–1930s
Resumo
The article examines the evolution of various forms of leisure for Saratov workers in the 1920s and 1930s. When the Bolsheviks came to power, they began to pay great attention to the education of the “new man.” The object of this policy was, first of all, workers, among whom the practices proclaimed by the new government as “remnants of the past” – drunkenness and religiosity – were widespread. The contradictory policy of the party and state authorities towards the alcohol problem has been revealed. An irreconcilable position towards religious holidays and a consistent policy to replace them with “cultural” forms of leisure for workers are presented. The government invaded the private lives of workers, trying to fill the usual leisure forms with new ideological content. Everything free for the workers was regulated, had political overtones, oriented them towards building a bright future and devotion to the party and the Motherland.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):405-411
405-411
Senior personnel of the military-industrial complex of the Penza region in 1941–1945
Resumo
The article examines certain aspects of the activities of the heads of the military-industrial complex of the Penza region in 1941–1945. The specifics ofthe source base arethe limited corpus of documentsfromthe Penza Region State Archive andthe subjectivity of surveys offactories by local party bodies. The appointment of senior officials in the region considered in the article confirms the all-Union trend. Sometimes the dismissal was accompanied by a transfer to another job. In some cases, managers were dismissed from their posts for mistakes and disruptions in their work.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):412-420
412-420
On the question of relations between the state and evangelical Christians-Baptists (on the example of the Saratov Volga region)
Resumo
The article is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between the state and Evangelical Christians-Baptists throughout the history of their existence in the Saratov Volga region. These relationships have gone through a complex and contradictory path from their rejection by the Russian Orthodox Church and the state to the inclusion of the religious community in the social life of society. The ideas and activities of the community at the present stage of history have become entrenched in society and have become the norm as a result of a gradual shift in the window of discourse. As a result of this process, over time, Evangelical Christians-Baptists have had the opportunity to express and defend ideas that were previously considered radical or unacceptable.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations. 2025;25(3):421-426
421-426