Volume 25, Nº 4 (2025)

This article is devoted to the analysis of everyday religious practices of Soviet citizens during the Great Patriotic War. The theoretical and methodological basis of the analysis is the concept of “lived religion”, developed by Meredith B. McGuire, Robert Orsi, Ivan Strensky. Our study of everyday religious experience during the Great Patriotic War within the framework of the concept of “lived religion” provides for the focus of research on the daily religious practices of Soviet believers of various religious denominations, implemented in both private and public spheres.; including both routine and unique religious acts; both cultic and social in nature; having a multifunctional meaning. The article presents the results of the author’s sociological research conducted in the period from 2018 to 2023 and is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of conversion into Orthodoxy in the age cohort of 70+, as well as the results of a secondary analysis of research data describing the socio-religious component of the events of the Great Patriotic War. The functional analysis of cult religious practices (prayer, liturgical, attributive-identifi cation, ritual) and social religious practices (charita

The social contract as a form of state social assistance began to be most actively used from 2021–2022, when all constituent entities of the Russian Federation began to receive federal co-fi nancing, although before that it had been practiced in a number of regions as a pilot project. It should to stimulate a citizen’s own eff orts to get out of poverty, helping to increase income in the long term, supporting entrepreneurial and other labor initiatives. This article refl ects the results of the study conducted in 2022–2023 in Ulyanovsk region using quality methods - interviews with recipients of this support measure and experts who assist in the design, writing business plans, etc. We studied motives, reasons and life contexts for deciding on the conclusion of a social contract by citizens in the direction of individual entrepreneurial activity. The study showed, that the main reason for making contracts was a conscious desire to start/expand self-made business products by purchasing equipment or equipping their workplaces, the desire to self-realization or provides services to the population and transfer one`s favorite occupation from the category of hobbies to a source of income. For some informants, the incentive was the desire to change jobs, which were not suitable for various reasons and start their own business. Young women with children were attracted by the opportunity to work by the schedule convenient for them. For some respondents, the desire to conclude a contract was associated with the desire to have not just a well-equipped, but a separate workplace from the house, space (due to the lease of premises). As a rule, recipients of assistance had some training in the fi eld in which they planned to work (vocational education, mastery of skills in the production or provision of services based on the previous work experience or the ability to do something with their own hands at the level of a hobby).

The article describes the suicidal behavior of young people, indicating that for the last thirty years Russian young people from 15 to 25 years old have occupied in third place in deaths due to suicide. The article evaluates the virtual impact on the consciousness of young people in relation to suicides and suicidal behavior, examines the role of fi lms and TV series, music and comics, cartoons and books in relation to death and suicide. The article examines the types and motives of suicides and suicidal behavior within the framework of the approach of E. Durkheim and E. Shneidman and analyzes the psychological (internal) and social (external) conditions that push young people to suicidal behavior. The article studies death communities on the social network VKontakte, analyzing the hashtags (#Death, #Suicide, #Murder, #Revenge_death) and the examples of the quotes, as well as key semantic images that appear in the names of communities, texts, photos and videos of these communities, allowing young people to take root in their own loneliness, melancholy, sadness (personal internal motives) or the inability to stop bullying or cyberbullying (external conditions), which can also lead to depressive states that push young people to suicidal behavior. The results of the students` survey are presented, allowing to speak about mass awareness of the existence of death communities (attention to memes and other images and forms of satire on the Internet); watching fi lms about suicides and death; regularly listening to depressive music about death, which indicates a high level of readiness of student youth for suicidal behavior.  

The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that modern society faces growing digital threats, among which telephone fraud, including that targeting elderly people, is of particular importance. The purpose of this study is to identify key determinants of victimization among the elderly population in the context of telephone fraud, as well as to develop practical recommendations for improving preventive measures. The empirical and informational basis of the study included the results of a quota-based population survey, in-depth interviews with law enforcement experts, media analysis of news sources from 2022 to 2023, and the VCIOM survey “Telephone Fraud” (2024). A multidisciplinary approach combining concepts from sociology, economics, and law was used for data analysis. The study found a consistent correlation between the fi nancial behavior patterns of elderly individuals and their vulnerability to fraudulent schemes. The research revealed that: fi rstly, the fi nancial practices of older generations are characterized by conservatism and cautious attitudes toward fi nancial products, which paradoxically increases their susceptibility to social and psychological manipulation by telephone scammers (their preference for traditional banking institutions, combined with low digital literacy, creates favorable conditions for criminal exploitation); secondly, age-specifi c victimization manifests in psychological, social, and economic factors; thirdly, institutional protection mechanisms for elderly citizens against telephone fraud show limited eff ectiveness (low reporting and clearance rates indicate the need to revise prevention and investigation approaches). It is concluded that promising directions for combating telephone fraud may include: enhancing interagency cooperation (banks, law enforcement, social services, public organizations, housing committees); implementing age-targeted fi nancial literacy programs; improving technological solutions for fraud detection; developing specialized communication strategies to inform elderly citizens.

The motivation of the military-professional activities of military personnel in the system of general official motivation of the military organization of Russia is considered. The motivation of the military-professional activities of military personnel is investigated as a dual system: a set of factors that encourage military actors to achieve professional designated goals, official or labor activities in general; a set of motivating motives for the implementation of professional actions of military personnel. It was proved that the motivation of the military-professional activities of military personnel is manifested in the implementation of material, as well as ideal objects that are important and valuable for individuals, determining their need for the implementation of military professional activities. It was proved that in modern conditions, about a third of military personnel (27%) consistently retain the predominant material motivation for choosing and performing military service. The stable composition of the military personnel striving to fulfill orders, tasks, orders, for the purpose of career growth (19%). At the same time, the group of military personnel focusing on personal professional growth, innovation and self-development is gradually growing. About 18% of the military carry out military service in order to fulfill the needs of creative self-realization. Under the new conditions, only about a tenth of the military personnel are mainly motivated for patriotic service and the continuation of military public traditions in the process of implementing the service. The analysis of empirical data showed the need to form an integrated system of motivation for the military-professional activities of the National Guard. It is important to intensify the following processes for the development of motivation for the military-professional activities of military personnel: the increase in monetary allowances, the formation of new components of external stimulation of service and labor activities; creation of modern mechanisms of organizational incentives, improvement of working conditions, optimization of models of interaction between bosses and subordinates; the development and implementation of targeted projects for the moral and improvement of military subjects, the planned formation, as well as the official implementation of the members of military groups` patriotic motives of the military-professional activities.

This article is devoted to a comprehensive political analysis of the phenomenon of political empowerment of senior citizens as a key area in the context of global demographic aging. The focus is on the transformation of the role of older people in the political process, from the traditional perception of them as passive recipients of social support to their recognition as full-fl edged subjects of political action. Relevance of the topic is justified by the need to develop new approaches to the formation of an age-sensitive public policy focused on the political empowerment of the older generation. In theoretical and methodological terms, the work is based on the concepts of empowerment, inclusive democracy, and institutional political science. A structural analysis of the components of political empowerment of older people, i.e. political literacy, participation, representation, and effectiveness, is presented, taking into account the factors determining their level of involvement: individual (education, health, income), social (connections, participation in organizations), and political (accessibility of institutions, inclusiveness of legislation). The article pays special attention to the problem of ageism as a systemic barrier to the participation of the elderly in political life. The mechanisms of the negative impact of age discrimination on all aspects of political inclusion are revealed, from inaccessibility of information and infrastructure to the distortion of the public image of the older generation. Practical recommendations for overcoming these barriers are presented, including development of educational campaigns, legislative protection against discrimination, support for organizations of the elderly and expansion of inclusive participation mechanisms (public councils, participation budgets, age quotas, etc.). The work makes a contribution to the development of political gerontology and institutional political theory, focusing on the need to create an age-sensitive political environment in which the voice of an elderly person has real value and infl uence. In an aging society, it is the political empowerment of the elderly that becomes an indicator of the maturity of democracy, social justice, and effective governance.

The rapid development of information technology leads to qualitative and quantitative increase in new challenges and threats related to the information domain. Their transboundary nature predetermines the ongoing expansion of international cooperation in this area, including activities within the Collective Security Treaty Organization. In this regard, the work objective is to make a systemic study of the collective mechanisms for ensuring information security in the framework of the CSTO in the context of global eff orts in this area. The CSTO implements a comprehensive response to challenges and threats to information security. Member states develop agreed positions, coordinate their participation in existing global negotiation formats. The CSTO Secretariat staff representatives are present at relevant international venues. Joint steps are being prepared with other regional organizations. Political interaction is complemented by joint practical work of law enforcement agencies and special services based on institutionalized cooperation mechanisms. The legal and organizational foundations have been laid for countering hostile cyber actions (Consultative Coordination Center for Response to Computer Incidents), conducting joint special operation (“PROKSI”), combating crime, and training personnel. However, in the current international situation, the growing needs for ensuring information security require expanding cooperation beyond current political and practical interaction. As states become ready, it seems relevant to develop collective measures and coordinate international cooperation based on the concept of cognitive security.

The study analyzes the problems of ensuring the legitimacy of power in the Russian Federation at the regional level. A description of the features of the legitimacy of power at the level of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation in the context of informatization of society is presented. The main threats to the legitimacy of power in the context of informatization and globalization are described. The problem of ensuring the legitimacy of power at the regional level of the Russian Federation in the context of globalization, digital transformation, and informatization of society is justified. Manifestation of this problem on the basis of scientific research and strategic planning documents is described. The problem of dependence of the legitimacy of the regional authorities on the level of citizens’ confidence in the federal government was analyzed. Methodological problems have been identifi ed in the fi eld of studying the legitimacy of power. According to the materials of the sociological survey, the type of legitimacy of the authorities in the perception of citizens of the Russian Federation living in the territory of the subjects of the North-West Federal District was revealed. A description of the perception of power at the regional level of the Russian Federation is given (on the example of the subjects of the North-West Federal District). The relationship between the legitimacy and legality of power, the peculiarities of the perception of this relationship by citizens of the Russian Federation living in the territory of the subjects of the North-West Federal District were revealed. The results of a sociological study of the dominant type of legitimacy in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District are presented. The distribution of residents of the regions of the North-West Federal District was revealed on the basis of attitudes towards the legitimacy of the authorities. The perception of the legitimacy of power in the history of Russia is described, including the perception of the legality of the change of power in history. Based on the correlation analysis, the impact of urbanization and informatization factors on the perception of the legitimacy of power by citizens living in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District was analyzed. Possible directions for ensuring the legitimacy of the regional authorities are described. 

The article contains results of political analysis of the sanctions imposed against Russian sports since 2015. All sanctions imposed during this time are conditionally divided into two groups: those related to doping violations and those caused by the start of Russia’s special military operation in Ukraine. The article highlights negative and positive consequences of the restrictions imposed. It also shows the negative consequences of sanctions for their initiators. The key subjects of sanctions pressure include states that are strategic opponents of Russia (i.e. the USA, Great Britain, Germany, France and other European countries), as well as the International Olympic Committee (hereinafter referred to as the IOC), the World Anti-Doping Agency (hereinafter referred to as WADA), international sports federations and national sports federations. The article substantiates legal inconsistency, absurdity and futility of international sanctions imposed against Russian athletes.