Sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, myosteatosis as factors of poor prognosis in gastrointestinal tract tumors: review

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Abstract

Over the past decade, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of publications devoted to the analysis of body composition in the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. Sarcopenia (skeletal muscle depletion), sarcopenic obesity and myosteatosis are shown to have a negative impact on the results of surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment of patients with gastrointestinal tumors. The review presents in detail data on clinical value of sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity and myosteatosis along with methodological aspects of body composition analysis. Different cut-offs and diagnostic criteria exist between “Western” and “Eastern” patient populations which makes any comparison or meta-analysis not possible right now. The review presents data from Russian and foreign studies on the influence of body composition on postoperative outcomes and survival in patients with gastrointestinal tumors. The article also discusses the influence of body composition on dose-limiting toxicity of chemotherapy. We aimed at raising awareness of clinicians regarding the high prevalence of cancer cachexia and, precisely, sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity and myosteatosis in patients with GI tract tumors. Deeper understanding of these syndromes is the key to developing measures for prevention as well as correcting the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal tumors.

About the authors

Tatyana S. Dikova

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: dikovatatyanasergeevna@gmail.com
SPIN-code: 7597-3600

Student

Russian Federation, Moscow

Alina Y. Zatsepina

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: zatsepina.alina@gmail.com
SPIN-code: 8495-8418

Student

Russian Federation, Moscow

Denis S. Fedorinov

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: Deni_fe@mail.com
SPIN-code: 1079-8460

Senior Laboratory Assistant

Russian Federation, Moscow

Vladimir K. Lyadov

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; Novokuznetsk State Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education – branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; City Clinical Oncological Hospital №1

Author for correspondence.
Email: vlyadov@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7281-3591
SPIN-code: 5385-7889

D. Sci. (Med.), Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Novokuznetsk State Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education – Branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, City Clinical Oncology Hospital №1

Russian Federation, Moscow; Novokuznetsk; Moscow

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