The potential use of oncolytic viruses in breast cancer: historical aspects and future prospects (literature review)

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Abstract

Viral oncolysis, an approach to cancer therapy that emerged in the XX century and based on the natural ability of viruses to kill (lyse) cells in which it multiplies, has been developed in recent years by identifying viruses or their engineering variants with selective tumor replication. Over the past decades, a number of specific interactions of oncolytic viruses (both RNA and IDNA-containing) with malignant tumor cells have been described, individual candidate viruses and the types of tumors that they lase have been detected. The therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic viruses is achieved through a combination of selective destruction of tumor cells through a direct cytotoxic effect and activation of antitumor immunity; In addition, oncolytic viruses can affect abberant signaling pathways followed by blockade of tumor cell apoptosis, which gives the virus more time to complete its life cycle. A number of oncolytic viruses have shown promising therapeutic efficacy in preclinical studies in breast cancer; thus, the herpes simplex virus has a high selectivity for replication in tumor cells, which contributes to the death and the formation of infiltration of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells around tumor islands. The ability of reoviruses to enhance the expression of PD-L1 protein in cells was found, and the measles virus armed with the BNiP3 proapoptosis gene is more active in the cell lines of triple negative breast cancer. Improved viruses, from the point of view of the effectiveness and selectivity of effects on the tumor, as well as optimized combinations with other "standard" types of systemic therapy, are very promising, especially in patients with developed drug resistance.

About the authors

Dmitriy A Morozov

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; N.N.Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Resident Doctor of the Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education 2/1, Barrikadnaia st., Moscow, 125993

Irina V Kolyadina

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; N.N.Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: rinakolyadina@yandex.ru
MD, Ph.D, Leading Researcher, Professor in the Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, R 2/1, Barrikadnaia st., Moscow, 125993

Irina V Poddubnaya

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; N.N.Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: ivprectorat@inbox.ru
MD, Ph.D, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine 2/1, Barrikadnaia st., Moscow, 125993

Petr M Chumakov

V.A.Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Ph.D, Biology, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Cell Proliferation 32, Vavilova st., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

Galina V Ilinskaya

V.A.Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Researcher in the Laboratory of Cell Proliferation 32, Vavilova st., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

Vagan Yu Bokhian

N.N.Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

д-р мед. наук, рук. хирургического отд-ния диагностики опухолей 23, Kashirskoe h., Moscow, 115478, Russian Federation

Margarita I Sopova

I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Student of the International School of "Medicine of the Future" 8, bld. 2, Trubetskaia st., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation *

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