Problema prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni bol'nykh zlokachestvennymi opukholyami, poluchayushchikh preparaty-stimulyatory eritropoeza


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Abstract

Анемия у больных злокачественными опухолями при проведении химиотерапии – явление частое. Решение этой проблемы представляется актуальным, поскольку анемия не только снижает качество жизни больных, но также, по-видимому, негативно влияет на результаты лечения. Анемия является независимым фактором, свидетельствующим о меньшей продолжительности жизни пациентов, страдающих данным заболеванием, по сравнению с больными, имеющими нормальный уровень гемоглобина [1, 2]. Кроме того, показано, что эффективность химиотерапии и лучевой терапии выше при хорошем кислородном насыщении тканей [3, 4]. До начала 1990-х г. единственным эффективным методом лечения таких больных была гемотрансфузия донорских эритроцитов. С появлением препаратов, стимулирующих эритропоэз (эпоэтин α и β, дарбэпоэтин α), потребность в гемотрасфузиях у таких больных снизилась [5]. Уже почти 15 лет эти препараты используются при лечении анемии у больных, получающих химиотерапию. В последнее время активно обсуждаются вопросы целесообразности использования этих препаратов в качестве профилактики анемии. Представленные научные данные свидетельствуют о том, что препараты, стимулирующие эритропоэз, могут сокращать продолжительность жизни онкологических больных. Выявление подгруппы больных, которым эти препараты назначать нельзя, является задачей дальнейших исследований. Практикующим врачам-онкологам следует учитывать эти данные при планировании лечения анемии.

About the authors

I A Pokataev

НИИ клинической онкологии РОНЦ им. Н.Н.Блохина РАМН, Москва

S A Tyulyandin

НИИ клинической онкологии РОНЦ им. Н.Н.Блохина РАМН, Москва

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