Dermatological toxicity in the treatment of malignant tumors in children: A review

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Abstract

Modern antitumor drugs have high antitumor activity. But only a number of them realize their antitumor effect in a targeted manner with minimal manifestations of concomitant toxicity. Damage to the skin and mucous membranes as part of the toxic effects of chemotherapy not only reduces the quality of life of patients, but can lead to disruption of the patient’s nutritional status, infection, and generalization of the infectious process with the development of sepsis. This review describes the major drugs that have dermatological toxicity, the main clinical variants of dermatological toxicity, methods for their prevention and treatment.

About the authors

Tatiana S. Belysheva

Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology

Author for correspondence.
Email: klinderma@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5911-553X

D. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Moscow

Evgeniya A. Shatokhina

Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation; Medical Research and Educational Center of Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: e.a.shatokhina@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0238-6563

D. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Anastasia D. Komarova

Central State Medical Academy of Department of Presidential Affairs of the Russian Federation

Email: klinderma@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-9146-6523

Clinical Resident

Russian Federation, Moscow

References

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome during treatment with adriamycin (a–d). Severe erythema (a–d), edema (a–d), blisters (b–d) on the skin of the palms and feet.

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3. Fig. 2. Maculo-papular rash on the skin of the trunk (a) and extremities (b) during neuroblastoma therapy with dinutuximab.

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4. Fig. 3. Generalized erythroderma after high-dose chemotherapy (treosulfan, fludarabine, Atgam) in a patient with graft-versus-host disease (a–c).

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5. Fig. 4. Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Target-like rash on the skin of the extremities (a, b), oral mucosa lesions (c); clinical pattern of erythema multiforme after high-dose chemotherapy (treosulfan, fludarabine, Atgam) in a patient with graft-versus-host disease.

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6. Fig. 5. Lyell's syndrome after high-dose chemotherapy (treosulfan, fludarabine, Atgam) in a patient with graft-versus-host disease. Skin peeling over 30% of the body surface area. Positive Nikolsky's sign (desquamation of the upper layers of the epidermis when pulling on a fragment of the blister or slight skin friction, histologically caused by epidermolysis) (a, b).

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