ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ГЕНДЕРНОЙ ИДЕОЛОГИИ МОЛОДЕЖИ: ОБЗОР ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ РАБОТ
- Авторы: Гурко Т.А1, Мамиконян М.С2, Бийжанова Э.К3
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Учреждения:
- Институт социологии ФНИСЦ РАН
- Государственный академический университет гуманитарных наук
- Центр региональной социологии и конфликтологии, Институт социологии ФНИСЦ РАН
- Выпуск: Том 17, № 2 (2018)
- Страницы: 104-113
- Раздел: Статьи
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1728-2810/article/view/43064
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.18821/1728-2810-2017-17-2-104-113
- ID: 43064
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В статье представлены результаты зарубежных исследований гендерной идеологии студентов по ряду значимых социально-демографических переменных. В первой части анализируются работы, в которых описывается динамика гендерной идеологии в разных странах. В процессе модернизации Восточной Азии (Китай, Тайвань, Южная Корея, Япония), Индии, Индонезии по мере вовлечения женщин в работу вне дома социологи фиксируют тенденцию эгалитаризации отношений между полами, распространение семей с двумя добытчиками. В переходный период от социалистических к либеральным государствам в странах Восточной Европы влияние религиозных консервативных семейных ценностей на сознание молодежи менее значимо, нежели западных идей индивидуализации и вседозволенности. В развитых странах (США, Европа, Австралия, Канада) гендерная революция привела к многообразию гендерных идеологий. По крайней мере в Европейских странах эмпирически фиксируется пять моделей: эгалитарная, эгалитарного эссенциализма, интенсивного (intensive) родительства, умеренно консервативная идеология, консервативная идеология. Во второй части статьи анализ исследований установок студентов в сферах гендерных и брачно-семейных отношений в разных странах выявил, что основными дифференцирующими переменными являются пол и религиозная идентичность. Другие характеристики (городское-сельское происхождение, структура родительской семьи, совместное-раздельное обучение) менее значимы. Установки молодежи на социальные роли мужчин и женщин и будущий брак меняются под воздействием сверстников, массовой культуры и собственного опыта. В статье сделан вывод о том, что, несмотря на более консервативные установки юношей практически во всех странах, происходит медленная конвергенция взглядов юношей и девушек среди образованных слоев. Основным дифференцирующим фактором остается религиозная принадлежность.
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Т. А Гурко
Институт социологии ФНИСЦ РАН
Email: tgurko@yandex.ru
д-р социол. наук, главный научный сотрудник Института социологии ФНИСЦ РАН 117218, г. Москва
М. С Мамиконян
Государственный академический университет гуманитарных наук119049, г. Москва
Э. К Бийжанова
Центр региональной социологии и конфликтологии, Институт социологии ФНИСЦ РАН117218, г. Москва
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