Influence of soft tissue on the reparative abilities of the jaw bone tissue in patients with dentoalveolar lesions

BACKGROUND: Treating patients with a jaw bone defect requires eliminating the defect, restoring dentition, and providing long-term support for the functional state of the dental system. However, dental damage reduces the reparative capabilities of the jaw bone tissue. Therefore, when developing ways to repair such defects, the proportion of soft tissue in the bone defect must be determined.

AIM: To study the effect of soft-tissue elements on the reparative abilities of jaw bone tissue.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 98 people with acquired combined jaw bone defects. The material was taken during a surgical intervention to study the tissue environment and the characteristics of the transformation of the tissues surrounding the defect. The samples were sent for histological examination.

RESULTS: Microscopic examination of the histological sections obtained from the area of the jaw bone defects revealed the proliferation of a multilayer flat non-corneating epithelium with “creeping” and massive ingrowth of the epithelium into the area of the bone defect. The epithelium had advanced into the underlying bone, which led to atrophy and destruction of the bone over the entire area of the defect, increasing the volume of the defect. An epithelial-connective tissue complex lined the bone surface of the defect, replacing the periosteum.

CONCLUSIONS: The morphology of the tissues surrounding the area of a bone defect suggests a decrease in cambial bone elements. Treating jaws with bone defects requires eliminating the soft tissue that fills the bone defect, followed by guided bone regeneration using a granular osteoconductive graft and a resorbable collagen membrane.