基于出生登记数据的研究:母亲吸烟对足月单胎新生儿胎盘重量及胎盘重量与出生体重比值的影响
- 作者: Kharkova O.A.1, Postoev V.A.1, Usynina A.A.1
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隶属关系:
- Northern State Medical University
- 期: 卷 32, 编号 6 (2025)
- 页面: 413-421
- 栏目: ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1728-0869/article/view/314599
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/humeco678348
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/SYKSRD
- ID: 314599
如何引用文章
详细
论证。孕期母亲吸烟是不良妊娠结局的重要危险因素,然而,关于吸烟与胎盘形态学特征之间关系的研究仍然有限。
目的。本研究旨在探讨母亲孕期吸烟与胎盘重量及胎盘重量与出生体重比值之间的相关性。
方法。本研究为回顾性队列研究,数据来源于Murmansk District Birth Registry。纳入对象为妊娠满37周的足月单胎分娩病例。采用多项logistic回归分析评估胎盘重量标准评分 (低、中、高)及胎盘重量与出生体重比值与孕前及孕期吸烟的关联性,包括每日吸烟支数。
结果。男婴胎盘平均重量为534.1克,女婴为523.7克。在孕期吸烟者和孕前吸烟者中,胎盘重量标准评分较低的发生概率显著低于从未吸烟的女性。调整后的相对风险比(relative risk ratio, RRR)分别为:孕期吸烟者为0.75(95%置信区间:0.70–0.81),孕前吸烟者为0.86(95%置信区间:0.76–0.97)。与此同时,孕期吸烟者及在首次产前就诊前戒烟的孕妇胎盘重量标准评分较高的发生概率显著更高:调整后RRR为1.35(95%置信区间:1.25–1.45), 孕前戒烟者为1.21(95%置信区间:1.09–1.36),与从未吸烟者相比。
在孕前和孕期吸烟的女性中,胎盘重量与出生体重比值标准评分较低的发生概率低于从不吸烟的女性(孕期吸烟者的调整后相对风险比为0.76(95%置信区间:0.70–0.83);孕前吸烟者为0.87(95%置信区间:0.77–0.97)),而该比值标准评分较高的发生概率则更高(孕期吸烟者的调整后相对风险比为1.52(95%置信区间:1.43–1.63);孕前吸烟者为1.18(95%置信区间:1.06–1.31))。此外,研究还发现,孕期每日吸烟支数与胎盘重量及胎盘重量与出生体重比值的标准评分之间呈现负向剂量–反应关系。
结论。本研究发现,孕期吸烟者及在首次产前就诊前戒烟的孕妇,其胎盘重量和胎盘重量与出生体重比值较高,其中孕期吸烟者的该关联呈剂量依赖性。这证实了,不仅完全戒烟,减少每日吸烟数量亦可降低胎儿不良结局的风险;该发现可作为促进吸烟孕妇实施妊娠不良结局一级预防策略的重要动机工具。
作者简介
Olga A. Kharkova
Northern State Medical University
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: harkovaolga@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3130-2920
SPIN 代码: 2167-7550
Scopus 作者 ID: 55912362200
Researcher ID: AAO-8495-2020
Cand. Sci. (Psychology), Associate Professor
俄罗斯联邦, ArkhangelskVitaly A. Postoev
Northern State Medical University
Email: v.postoev@nsmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4982-4169
SPIN 代码: 6070-2486
MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor
俄罗斯联邦, ArkhangelskAnna A. Usynina
Northern State Medical University
Email: perinat@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5346-3047
SPIN 代码: 3735-1100
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor
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