莫斯科市俄罗斯内务机关工作人员精神障碍总体发病率动态的区域特征
- 作者: Ichitovkina E.G.1,2, Solovyev A.G.2, Zhernov S.V.3, Shugusheva Z.A.4
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隶属关系:
- Central Polyclinic No. 2, Moscow
- Northern State Medical University
- Derzhavin Tambov State University
- Polyclinic No. 1, Moscow
- 期: 卷 31, 编号 12 (2024)
- 页面: 878-892
- 栏目: ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1728-0869/article/view/314562
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/humeco643546
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/vrzdrn
- ID: 314562
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全文:
详细
论证。维护俄罗斯联邦内务机关工作人员的心理健康与延长其职业寿命是部门医疗体系的优先任务。亟需对不仅限于初次发病率,还包括总体发病率进行综合分析,以完善预防和治疗工作。鉴于极端因素的影响及执勤活动的特殊性,有必要结合地区特征,对精神障碍总体发病率进行动态分析。
目的。以莫斯科市为例,分析俄罗斯内务机关工作人员精神障碍总体发病率的动态变化。
材料与方法。本研究基于Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation驻莫斯科市医疗机构在2008–2022年间的官方统计报告数据。分析内容包括拥有特种军衔人员的精神障碍总体发病率及其导致的劳动力损失。各项指标按每千名工作人员(‰)计算。重点评估国际疾病分类第十版第V类的主要诊断分类。另评估动态变化指标,如绝对增长、增长率与增速、基期指数,以及精神障碍总体发病率与劳动力损失之间的相关系数。
结果。在2008至2022年期间,精神障碍总体发病率呈总体上升趋势,主要由于神经症、应激相关障碍及躯体形式障碍的病例数增加所致。与此同时,与生理紊乱和躯体因素相关的行为障碍,以及成年期人格与行为障碍的发病率始终保持在稳定的低水平,未超过0.33‰。总体发病率波动范围为7.00–11.24‰。与此同时,暂时丧失劳动能力的病例数和病休天数稳定下降,单次病休的平均时长趋于稳定。精神障碍总体发病率与劳动力损失之间存在高度正相关关系(r=0.91)。
结论。研究结果显示,莫斯科市内务机关工作人员精神障碍总体发病率存在显著波动,其中以应激性和神经性障碍为主要增长因素。与此同时,劳动力损失的频率和总天数呈下降趋势,单次病休的平均时长保持稳定。这些变化可能由多种因素造成——从组织层面的调整到人口结构的变化,包括人员构成、精神障碍的诊断方式和登记方法的改变。在污名化减弱和专业帮助可及性提高的背景下,精神障碍检出率的上升趋势亟需通过数理统计方法开展进一步研究。这些数据可为完善俄罗斯内务机关心理健康监测体系和制定综合性精神卫生预防干预方案提供依据。
作者简介
Elena G. Ichitovkina
Central Polyclinic No. 2, Moscow; Northern State Medical University
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: elena.ichitovckina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8876-669X
SPIN 代码: 4333-0282
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; ArkhangelskAndrey G. Solovyev
Northern State Medical University
Email: asoloviev1@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0350-1359
SPIN 代码: 2952-0619
MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor
俄罗斯联邦, ArkhangelskSergey V. Zhernov
Derzhavin Tambov State University
Email: sergern@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6250-9123
SPIN 代码: 6586-7769
Cand. Sci. (Psychology)
俄罗斯联邦, TambovZarina A. Shugusheva
Polyclinic No. 1, Moscow
Email: kardangush@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4280-0474
SPIN 代码: 5169-0942
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow
参考
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