MORBIDITY AND CAUSES OF MORTALITY AMONG PRETERM AND TERM NEWBORNS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Aim: To assess temporal trends in morbidity and mortality among preterm and term newborns in the Russian Federation. Methods: Morbidity and mortality of newborns with birthweight of 1 000 grams or more were calculated using data from all state statistical observation forms in 2016-2018 in the Russian Federation. Data were analyzed in total and separately for term and preterm babies. Ninety-five confidence intervals (CI) for neonatal morbidity and mortality were calculated. Temporal trends were assessed. Comparisons between groups were performed using Pearson's chi-square test. Results: A significant decrease in both morbidity and mortality of newborns was observed for the most of causes. However, we found an increase in the incidence of respiratory disorders (45,5 %; 95 % CI: 45,2 % - 45,8 % in 2016 vs. 52,2 %; 95 % CI: 51,9 % - 52,6 % in 2018; p < 0,001); respiratory distress (24,5 %; 95 % CI: 24,3 % - 24,8 % vs. 29,3 %; 95% CI: 29,1 % - 29,6 %; p < 0,001); hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (10,1 %; 95 % CI: 10,0 % - 10,3 % vs. 11,1 %; 95 % CI: 10,9 % - 11,3 %; p < 0,001) and congenital anomalies (29,6 %; 95 % CI: 29,4 % - 29,9 % vs. 32,9 %; 95 % CI: 32,6 % - 33,2 %; p < 0,001) over the study period. Mortality from infectious diseases specific to the perinatal period increased from 0,073 %; 95 % CI: 0,061 % - 0,087 % in 2016 to 0,082 %; 95 % CI: 0,068 % - 0,098 % in 2018 including bacterial sepsis (from 0,029 %; 95 % CI: 0,022 % - 0,037 % to 0,039 %; 95 % CI: 0,030 % - 0,051 %). Mortality from intraventricular hemorrhage increased from 0,008 %; 95 % CI: 0,0046 % - 0,0131 % to 0,01 %; 95 % CI: 0,006 % - 0,016 % in term neonates. Mortality due to neonatal aspiration pneumonia increased among preterm infants (from 0,02 %; 95 % CI: 0,02 % - 0,07 % to 0,03 %; 95 % CI: 0,007 % - 0,096 %) as well as other diseases (with 0,19 %; 95 % CI: 0,11 % - 0,29 % to 0,21 %; 95 % CI: 0,13 % - 0,33 %). Conclusion: Despite significant favorable trends in morbidity and mortality of both term and preterm newborns in the Russian Federation we found an increase in incidence of preventable diseases and causes of death warranting improvements in medical care in this age-group.

newborns, term, premature, morbidity, mortality