Modern Russian and international approaches to biomonitoring of furan and its derivatives in the human body: a review

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dioxins, furan, and its derivatives are hazardous environmental pollutants that also permeate human biological systems. Dioxins are recognized as global ecotoxicants with potent mutagenic, immunosuppressive, carcinogenic, teratogenic, and embryotoxic effects. These compounds are resistant to degradation and bioaccumulate in both the human body and the planet’s biosphere, encompassing air, water, and food sources. The lethal dose for these substances can be as low as 10−6 g per kg of human body weight. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies furan as ‘possibly carcinogenic to humans’ (Group 2B). Inhalation of furan has been shown to induce pulmonary edema and bronchial necrosis. An experimental study involving a single oral administration of furan in corn oil at 4 cm³/kg body weight in Fischer 344 rats demonstrated that furan doses of 0.1–0.2 mg/kg body weight can oxidize into the toxic metabolite cis-2-butene-1,4-dial (BDA), which is pivotal in mediating toxic effects. A dose of 250 µg/kg body weight was found to induce chromosomal aberrations in male Fischer 344 rats. Furan is considered a non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogen; it undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the metabolite cis-2-butene-1,4-dial (BDA), which exhibits acute toxicity towards hepatocytes. Consequently, cell death is accompanied by tissue regeneration and cellular proliferation, thereby increasing the risk of carcinogenesis.

AIM: To examine international experience, scientific and informational sources, and the results of theoretical and experimental research, as well as methods and techniques for determining the mass concentration of dioxins, furan, and its derivatives in human biological media.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study focused on both Russian and international sources of scientific and methodological literature pertaining to the toxic compounds of dioxins, furan, and its derivatives. A comprehensive analysis of the scientific literature was conducted on the methods and techniques for determining the mass concentrations of furan and its derivatives in human biological media, as sourced from Google Scholar. Methodological documents currently in effect in the Russian Federation were searched on the websites http://www.normacs.ru and https://files.stroyinf.ru. The temporal scope of the analysis spanned 37 years, from 1986 to 2023.

RESULTS: The review provides an in-depth description of the physical and chemical methods employed to monitor levels of dioxins, furan, and its derivatives in biological media; their toxic and genetic effects; and the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of furan from the body. It also covers the toxicological properties of furan and its derivatives, based on animal experiments conducted on Fischer 344 mice and rats in EU countries and the USA.

CONCLUSION: The review summarizes the experience gained from international studies in EU countries and the USA, which can be used for developing human biomonitoring and for implementation into practical activities as a sub-system within social and hygienic monitoring in the Russian Federation.

About the authors

Tatyana V. Nurislamova

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies

Email: nurtat@fcrisk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2344-3037
SPIN-code: 1140-1216

Dr. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Perm

Nina V. Zaitseva

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies

Email: znv@fcrisk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2356-1145
SPIN-code: 7036-3511

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Russian Federation, Perm

Nina A. Popova

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies

Email: popova@fcrisk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9730-9092
SPIN-code: 3754-4800
Russian Federation, Perm

Olga A. Maltseva

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies

Author for correspondence.
Email: malceva@fcrisk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7664-3270
SPIN-code: 7310-6523

Cand. Sci. (Biology)

Russian Federation, Perm

References

  1. Glebov VV. Influence of the technogenic sphere of the big city on human adaptation processes. Fundamental Research. 2013;(10-11):2461–2465. EDN: RRWAAN
  2. Zaytseva NV, Popova AYu, May IV, Shur PZ. Methods and technologies of health risk analysis in the system of state management under assurance of the sanitation and epidemiological welfare of population. Hygiene and Sanitation. 2015;94(2):93–98. EDN: TPHJSB
  3. Rakhmanin YuA, Ivanov SI, Novikov SM, et al. Topical problems of the comprehensive hygienic characterization of urban environmental factors and their influence on the population’s health. Hygiene and Sanitation. 2007;(5):5–7. EDN: IBNYNZ
  4. Drugov YuS, Zenkevich IG, Rodin AA. Gas chromatographic identification of air, water, soil and biological pollutants. Moscow: Laboratoriya znanii; 2024. (In Russ.)
  5. Human biomonitoring: facts and figures. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe [updated 2024 March 14]. Available from: https://www.who.int/europe/ru/publications/i/WHO-EURO-2015-3209-42967-60040
  6. Onishchenko GG. Control of the content of chemical compounds and elements in biological media. Perm: Knizhnyi format; 2011. (In Russ.)
  7. Zholdakova ZI, Kharchevnikova NV, Mamonov RA, Sinitsyna OO. Methods for estimating the combined effect of substances. Hygiene and Sanitation. 2012;91(2):86–89. EDN: PFFHGL
  8. Malysheva AG, Rakhmanin YuA. Physico-chemical studies and methods of control of substances in environmental hygiene. St. Petersburg: NPO Professional; 2014. (In Russ.)
  9. Filippov VL, Rembovskiy VR, Krinitsyn NV, et al. The system of objective assessment of the medical and environmental situation in the areas facing disease risks for the purposes of future monitoring. Health Risk Analysis. 2014;(4):27–36. (In Russ.) EDN: TESRZB
  10. Egorov AI, Ilchenko IN, Lyapunov SM, et al. Application of a standardized human biomonitoring methodology to assess prenatal exposure to mercury. Hygiene and Sanitation. 2014;93(5):10–18. EDN: SZEVLP
  11. Viter VN. Dioxins. Chemistry and Chemists. 2008;(4):96–107. (In Russ.)
  12. Ivshin VP, Polushin RV. Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Yoshkar-Ola: Mar. gos. un-t; 2004. EDN: QKFCKL
  13. IARC Classifies Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields as Possibly Carcinogenic to Humans. [updated 2024 March 20]. Available from: https://www.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/pr208_E.pdf
  14. Crews C. Processing contaminants: furan. Encyclopedia of Food Safety. 2014;2:399–403.doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-378612-8.00208-0
  15. Inoue D, Fujino T, Sheridan P, et al. A novel ASXL1–OGT axis plays roles in H3K4 methylation and tumor suppression in myeloid malignancies. Leukemia. 2018;32(6):1327–1337. doi: 10.1038/s41375-018-0083-3
  16. Bozhedomov VA, Lipatova NA, Sporish EA, et al. The role of structural abnormalities of sperm chromatin and DNA in the development of infertility. Andrology and Genital Surgery. 2012;13(3):82–92. EDN: PGOUJF
  17. Patrick L. Thyroid disruption: mechanism and implications in human health. Altern Med Rev. 2009;14(4):326–346.
  18. Gates LA, Lu D, Peterson LA. Trapping of cis-2-butene-1,4-dial to measure furan metabolism in human liver microsomes by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 2012;40(3):596–601 doi: 10.1124/dmd.111.043679
  19. Lindén J, Lensu S, Tuomisto J, Pohjanvirta R. Dioxins, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the central regulation of energy balance. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 2010;31(4):452–478. doi: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.07.002
  20. Moro S, Chipman JK, Antczak P, et al. Identification and pathway mapping of furan target proteins reveal mitochondrial energy production and redox regulation as critical targets of furan toxicity. Toxicological Sciences. 2012;126(2):336–352. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs005
  21. Sweeney LM, Gargas ML, Strother DE, Kedderis GL. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model parameter estimation and sensitivity and variability analyses for acrylonitrile disposition in humans. Toxicological Sciences. 2003;71(1):27–40 doi: 10.1093/toxsci/71.1.27
  22. Butterworth BE, Sprankle CS, Goldsworthy SM, et al. Expression of myc, fos, and Ha-ras in the livers of furan-treated F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Molecular Carcinogenesis. 1994;9(1):24–32. doi: 10.1002/mc.2940090106
  23. Shalginskikh NA, Karpechenko NY, Ogloblina AM, et al. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in chemical carcinogenesis. Problems of Biological, Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 2014;(3):46–64. EDN: RYDIKR
  24. Basharova GR, Karamova LM. Dioxins and health. Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology. 2015;(4):58–63. EDN: UWALID
  25. Revich BA, Shelepchikov AA. Public health and environmental pollution by persistent organic pollutants. Hygiene and Sanitation. 2008;(4):27–31. (In Russ.) EDN: JUWBQV
  26. Milosh VV. Dioxins and their potential danger in the human-environment ecosystem [updated 2024 July 22]. Available from: https://crowngold.narod.ru/articles/dioxini.htm
  27. Bakhiya N, Appel KE. Toxicity and carcinogenicity of furan in human diet. Arch Toxicol. 2010;84(7):563–578. doi: 10.1007/s00204-010-0531-y
  28. Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregfrd L, et al. Risks for public health related to the presence of furan and methylfurans in food. EFSA Journal. 2017;15(10):e05005. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5005
  29. Boutros PC, Moffat ID, Franc MA, et al. Dioxin-responsive AHRE-II gene battery: identification by phylogenetic footprin-ting. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004;321(3):707–715. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.06.177
  30. Banda M, Recio L, Parsons BL. ACB-PCR measurement of spontaneous and furan-induced H-ras codon 61 CAA to CTA and CAA to AAA mutation in B6C3F1 mouse liver. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis. 2013;54(8):659–667. doi: 10.1002/em.21808
  31. Peterson LA. Reactive metabolites in the biotransformation of molecules containing a furan ring. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013;26(1):6–25. doi: 10.1021/tx3003824
  32. Ravindranath V, McMenamin MG, Dees JH, et al. 2-Methylfuran toxicity in rats — Role of metabolic activation in vivo. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1986;85(1):78–91. doi: 10.1016/0041-008X(86)90389-3
  33. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [updated 2024 January 17]. Available from: https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/2003-2004/L28DFP_C.htm
  34. Lee YK, Jung SW, Lee SJ, Lee KG. Analysis of residual furan in human blood using solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). Food Sci. Biotechnol. 2009;18(2):379–383.
  35. Churchwell MI, Scheri RC, Von Tungeln LS, et al. Evaluation of serum and liver toxicokinetics for furan and liver DNA adduct formation in male Fischer 344 rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2015;86:1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.08.029
  36. Wazeerud-Din IJ, Silva LK, Smith MM, et al. Quantification of seven microbial volatile organic compounds in human serum by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Chemosphere. 2021;266:128970. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128970
  37. Iamiceli A, Abate V, Abballe A, et al. Biomonitoring of the adult population living near the waste incinerator of Turin: Serum concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs after three years from the plant start-up. Chemosphere. 2021;272:129882. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129882
  38. Method 1613. Tetra- through octa-chlorinated dioxins and furans by isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS [updated 2024 January 23]. Available from: https://well-labs.com/docs/epa_method_1613b_1994.pdf
  39. Method 1668C. Chlorinated biphenyl congeners in water, soil, sediment, biosolids, and tissue by HRGC/HRMS [updated 2024 January 19]. Available from: https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-09/documents/method_1668c_2010.pdf
  40. Ingelido AM, Abballe A, Marra V, et al. Serum concentrations of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane in groups of the Italian general population: a human biomonitoring study. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2009;45(4):401–408. doi: 10.1590/s0021-25712009000400008
  41. Nurislamova TV, Maltseva OA, Popova NA, Chinko TV. Development and validation of a bioanalytical method of measuring heterocyclic organic compounds (furan and methylfuran) in human blood using GC-MS. Public Health and Life Environment. 2023;31(9):7–15. EDN: ELPGBR doi: 10.35627/2219-5238/2023-31-4-7-15
  42. Konoplev AV, Pervunina RI, Dudarev AA, et al. Polychlorinated biphenyls dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the blood of the indigenous population of the Russian North. Hygiene and Sanitation. 2006;(2):65–71. (In Russ.) EDN: HTANTL

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2024 Eco-Vector

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
 


Согласие на обработку персональных данных с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика»

1. Я (далее – «Пользователь» или «Субъект персональных данных»), осуществляя использование сайта https://journals.rcsi.science/ (далее – «Сайт»), подтверждая свою полную дееспособность даю согласие на обработку персональных данных с использованием средств автоматизации Оператору - федеральному государственному бюджетному учреждению «Российский центр научной информации» (РЦНИ), далее – «Оператор», расположенному по адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А, со следующими условиями.

2. Категории обрабатываемых данных: файлы «cookies» (куки-файлы). Файлы «cookie» – это небольшой текстовый файл, который веб-сервер может хранить в браузере Пользователя. Данные файлы веб-сервер загружает на устройство Пользователя при посещении им Сайта. При каждом следующем посещении Пользователем Сайта «cookie» файлы отправляются на Сайт Оператора. Данные файлы позволяют Сайту распознавать устройство Пользователя. Содержимое такого файла может как относиться, так и не относиться к персональным данным, в зависимости от того, содержит ли такой файл персональные данные или содержит обезличенные технические данные.

3. Цель обработки персональных данных: анализ пользовательской активности с помощью сервиса «Яндекс.Метрика».

4. Категории субъектов персональных данных: все Пользователи Сайта, которые дали согласие на обработку файлов «cookie».

5. Способы обработки: сбор, запись, систематизация, накопление, хранение, уточнение (обновление, изменение), извлечение, использование, передача (доступ, предоставление), блокирование, удаление, уничтожение персональных данных.

6. Срок обработки и хранения: до получения от Субъекта персональных данных требования о прекращении обработки/отзыва согласия.

7. Способ отзыва: заявление об отзыве в письменном виде путём его направления на адрес электронной почты Оператора: info@rcsi.science или путем письменного обращения по юридическому адресу: 119991, г. Москва, Ленинский просп., д.32А

8. Субъект персональных данных вправе запретить своему оборудованию прием этих данных или ограничить прием этих данных. При отказе от получения таких данных или при ограничении приема данных некоторые функции Сайта могут работать некорректно. Субъект персональных данных обязуется сам настроить свое оборудование таким способом, чтобы оно обеспечивало адекватный его желаниям режим работы и уровень защиты данных файлов «cookie», Оператор не предоставляет технологических и правовых консультаций на темы подобного характера.

9. Порядок уничтожения персональных данных при достижении цели их обработки или при наступлении иных законных оснований определяется Оператором в соответствии с законодательством Российской Федерации.

10. Я согласен/согласна квалифицировать в качестве своей простой электронной подписи под настоящим Согласием и под Политикой обработки персональных данных выполнение мною следующего действия на сайте: https://journals.rcsi.science/ нажатие мною на интерфейсе с текстом: «Сайт использует сервис «Яндекс.Метрика» (который использует файлы «cookie») на элемент с текстом «Принять и продолжить».