Analysis of the correlations between ECG components in adolescents both before and after exposure to different types of physical stress in the Subarctic winter conditions

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Adaptive responses to harsh environmental conditions of the Arctic may vary not only among adults, but also among children and adolescents. These compensatory reactions are influenced by the predominant type of regulation of the autonomic nervous system. The myocardium and its electrical properties play a significant role in determining how individuals adapt to to environmental conditions.

AIM: To study correlations between PP and TR intervals in adolescents in adolescents undergoing the clinostatic test and the Martinet test during the winter season.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty cardiac cycles were recorded in 22 adolescents aged 15–16 years in the II standard lead, both at baseline and after conducting the clinostatic and Martinet tests. Durations of the RR and TR intervals were measured and used for the analysis. Statistical processing of the data was performed using the MS Excel tables.

RESULTS: Based on both individual and group data analysis, it has been observed that the duration of RR and TR increases during the clinostatic test, while it decreases during the Martinet test. The extent of these changes in RR and TR varies between the two tests. Specifically, the RR:TR ratios are 1:3.5 during the clinostatic test and 1:2.5 during the Martinet test. These findings suggest a higher likelihood of parasympathetic influences on the electrical properties of the myocardium during the clinostatic test, and sympathetic influences during the Martinet test.

CONCLUSION: Duration of RR and TR intervals increased by 25% and 85%, respectively, in response to the clinostatic test. Conversely, after the Martinet test, the duration of both intervals decreased by 15% and 38%, respectively. These findings suggest that the changes in the duration of RR and TR intervals are influenced by the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, under different types of physical stress. Further research should be conducted in other seasons, particularly during transitional periods such as spring and autumn, to better understand the electrical properties of the myocardium under physical stress.

About the authors

Lev I. Irzhak

Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: irzhak31@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3459-7848
SPIN-code: 1156-8956

Chief research associate

Russian Federation, 55 Oktyabrsky ave, Syktyvkar, 167001, Komi Republic

Nadezhda G. Russkikh

Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University

Email: irzhak31@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4413-8258
SPIN-code: 1240-4336
Russian Federation, 55 Oktyabrsky ave, Syktyvkar, 167001, Komi Republic

Andrey B. Gudkov

Northern State Medical University

Email: gudkovab@nsmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5923-0941
SPIN-code: 4369-3372

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Correlation between RR intervals during the clinostatic test (a) and the Martinet test (b): horizontal axis — duration of the intervals (sec) in the control, vertical axis — duration of the intervals (sec) after the functional test.

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3. Fig. 2. Correlation between TR segments during the clinostatic test (a) and the Martinet test (b): horizontal axis — duration of the intervals (sec) in the control, vertical axis — duration of the intervals (sec) after the functional test.

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4. Fig. 3. Changes (in %) of PP intervals and TP segments compared to the control (С) in response to the clinostatic test (CSТ) and the Martinet test (PТ).

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