A new look at the immunopathogenesis of infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus
- 作者: Moskalev A.1, Gumilevsky B.1, Apchel V.1,2, Cygan V.1
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隶属关系:
- Kirov Military Medical Academy
- Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
- 期: 卷 25, 编号 4 (2023)
- 页面: 665-680
- 栏目: Review
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1682-7392/article/view/253759
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/brmma567931
- ID: 253759
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详细
Thanks to the achievements of biotechnology and genetics, numerous features of reproduction of the human immunodeficiency virus and its immunopathogenesis have been established. Genetic studies have called into question the African origin of the virus. Thus, the number of individuals with mutational changes in the CCR5∆32 allele among the population providing genetic protection against human immunodeficiency virus is decreasing from north to south. The probability of adaptation of the great ape virus in the human population is characterized. New biological effects and their influence on the immunopathogenesis of infection of the well-known human immunodeficiency virus genes Gag (structural proteins), Pol (enzymes) and Env (envelope glycoproteins), the proteins encoded by them, as well as a number of additional proteins have been discovered. Thus, the main task of the Tat gene is to stimulate the transcription of proviral deoxyribonucleic acid and the transport of ribonucleic acid from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of the cell. Rev promotes the synthesis of viral structural proteins and enzymes, ensures the availability of full-sized genomic ribonucleic acid for inclusion in the reproduced viral progeny. Viruses with the absence of the vif gene are about 1000 times less virulent compared to wild strains. The APOBEC3G factor inhibits the reproduction of lentiviruses in primates, but in humans it is characterized by polymorphism of biological effects. Viral protein R affects the rate of reproduction of the virus in T-lymphocytes, contributes to their destruction. It also promotes proteasomal degradation and protein modification. Vpr targets may be a structurally specific endonuclease subunit SLX4, uracil-deoxynucleoacid glycosylase 2, and a helicase-like transcription factor. Vpu is a powerful inhibitor of teterin by type 1 immunodeficiency viruses of group M, and in group N viruses it shows low activity. Vpu, Nef, and Env proteins of most lentiviruses are characterized by higher tropicity to the CD4 receptor compared to teterin, serine incorporation proteins. These proteins are incorporated into viral particles and reduce their infectivity by inhibiting fusion with target cells. The protein containing the tripartite motif 5a, the protein of mixovirus activity 2/B constitute an ancient system of protection against retroviruses and are extremely variable in their effectiveness to disrupt the reproduction of viruses.
作者简介
Alexander Moskalev
Kirov Military Medical Academy
编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: alexmav195223@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3403-3850
SPIN 代码: 8227-2647
Scopus 作者 ID: 58223117100
MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor
俄罗斯联邦, Saint PetersburgBoris Gumilevsky
Kirov Military Medical Academy
Email: gumbu@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8755-2219
SPIN 代码: 3428-7704
Scopus 作者 ID: 6602391269
Researcher ID: J-1841-2017
MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor
俄罗斯联邦, Saint PetersburgVasiliy Apchel
Kirov Military Medical Academy; Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia
Email: apchelvya@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7658-4856
SPIN 代码: 4978-0785
Scopus 作者 ID: 6507529350
Researcher ID: Е-8190-2019
MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor
俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg; Saint PetersburgVasiliy Cygan
Kirov Military Medical Academy
Email: vn-t@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1199-0911
SPIN 代码: 7215-6206
Scopus 作者 ID: 6603136317
MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor
俄罗斯联邦, Saint Petersburg
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