Potential use of xenogenic biomaterial based on elastin derived from animal aortas for tissue remodeling

This study addresses one of the key challenges in experimental and regenerative medicine: the development of a novel biomaterial based on native elastin, devoid of antigenic properties and derived from the aorta of a reindeer, by complete decellularization, with the aim of using it for tissue remodeling after injuries. The development of new approaches and agents for treating thermal burns and wounds (including gunshot wounds) is a crucial task, especially given the current context of large-scale military operations. The concept of obtaining a bioresorbable material with reduced antigenic properties from reindeer connective tissue arises from the need to improve treatment methods aimed at accelerating reparative processes in thermal and gunshot injuries, including penetrating wounds, as well as in those with a high risk of complications and permanent disability. Elastin, a fibrillar protein responsible for tissue stretching, is a key component of connective tissue found in many organs. In this study, the aorta of a reindeer, an elastic-type artery, was chosen as the source of elastin. Through mechanical, chemical, and biochemical processing, cells, collagen fibers, and ground substance with antigenic properties were removed, and an elastin-based biomaterial was obtained. The biomaterial was analyzed using light and electron microscopy. It was then used as a xenograft without antigenic properties to restore tissue integrity after thermal injuries. In experiments on laboratory rats, no rejection reactions were observed, indicating the absence of immunogenicity in the obtained biomaterial. These results suggest the potential use of this aorta-derived biomaterial for tissue remodeling to accelerate healing processes.