Cooperation between Russia and India in the field of agricultural ecology: current state and promising areas

Russia and India have a great potential for cooperation in the development of environmentally friendly agriculture. Such cooperation takes on various forms – joint scientific research, the exchange of technologies for organic agricultural production, and the supply of eco-products. The principles of promoting environmentally friendly agriculture are aimed at reducing the negative impact of the agrarian food complex on the environment. India’s agriculture, known for its biodiversity and fairly stable ecosystems, has been increasingly drawn into environmental problems over the past decade. There are serious challenges in the country related to air and water pollution, increased chemicalization and soil degradation. The main causes of the environmental crisis in India lie in rapid economic growth, high rates of urbanization, and an increased demographic burden that requires the intensification of food production. Agriculture makes a significant contribution to the deterioration of the environmental situation, with an estimated 30% increase in the impact of agri-food systems on greenhouse gas emissions over the period 2010–2022.