Environmental Sustainability in BRICS Countries

This article explores environmental sustainability and climate policy in the BRICS countries within the framework of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It highlights the dual role of BRICS nations as major players in the global economy – accounting for a significant share of global GDP and population – while also being responsible for approximately 50% of global CO2 emissions. Based on an analysis of current decarbonization strategies, emission structures, and energy profiles of China, India, Russia, Brazil, and South Africa, the article identifies diverse national approaches to green transition and climate risk management. Particular attention is paid to renewable energy policies, energy efficiency measures, and sustainable financing. The conclusion offers detailed policy recommendations, including expanding the BRICS New Development Bank’s mandate to cover climate investments, establishing a unified climate monitoring system, promoting public-private partnerships in renewable energy, and developing Just Transition Roadmaps for carbon-dependent regions. The study emphasizes the importance of coordinated BRICS action in achieving global climate goals and strengthening their position in the emerging architecture of sustainable development.