卷 49, 编号 6 (2016)

Various aspects are examined of the design to convert the Zelenchuk Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP) into a Hydroelectric Power Plant and PSPP (HPP-PSPP). The most challenging engineering and technical issues are explored concerning the integration of new hydropower equipment in the powerhouse, and construction of a PSPP lower reservoir and tail pond conduits.

The complex of hydraulic engineering installations includes five earthen dams. All facilities are of Class I. The diagnostic parameters of dam operation and technical condition monitored via in-situ observation for seepage mode, seepage strength, settlement, static stability, etc. generally meet design assumptions and safety criteria. Despite individual defects and signs of “aging” identified over the period of earthen dam operation, these are currently in a satisfactory and operable state. The long, 60-year operating period of the dams with no serious overhauls or emergencies has demonstrated the high reliability of the facilities, the correctness of the design and technological solutions adopted and implemented in the construction, and the high professional level of their operation in close cooperation with science.

A laser scanning and 3D modeling technology is presented for buildings, structures, and hydropower installation equipment. The tasks addressed using this three-dimensional technique are discussed in detail. Examples are presented and results are assessed of the use of the laser scanning technology within the scope of an integrated reconstruction project at the Nizhegorodskaya HPP. The advantages and prospects of laser scanning are noted.

Replacement of equipment at the Nizhegorodskaya HPP, which had long ago exhausted its normative service life, is considered, with due regard for existing performance conditions and hydraulic unit design aspects. Parameters for a new turbine are substantiated for the hydroeconomic situation currently existing at the HPP.

An empirical technique is developed for calculating fuel gasification in a hearth gas generator and tested on a small experimental-industrial gas generator. The results agree with experimental data. It is proposed that this technique be used for calculations of large gas generators after it has been optimized.

Results of instrumental inspection of the condition of the elastic suspension of the stator core in a high-power turbogenerator are considered. The effectiveness of repair is assessed by analyzing the dynamic characteristics of suspension elements during repair.

The use of biomass-fired boilers is considered as an example to show the main problems and ways to resolve them for the effective and ecologically friendly burning of wood and agricultural waste. Recommendations for design, adjustment, and operation of biomass boilers are formulated. A prototype 500 kW hot-water boiler with grate-and-cyclone fired furnace for burning fine biofuels was designed in Belarus. The advantages of such furnaces are shown. Results of studying the operation of the boiler are presented.

The paper presents the authors’ method for evaluating the efficiency of and selecting equipment and operating conditions for renewable and conventional power systems located in the Arctic region of Russia. The use of renewable energy sources and the creation of wind/diesel power systems may be an effective solution for reducing fuel consumption and electricity generation by diesel power plants. This would improve the energy and environmental security of consumers, especially in zones of high wind power potential. The method allows energy and economic optimization of renewable power systems in the extreme climatic conditions of the Arctic region of Russia.

The particularities of modeling the HVDC links and DC links based on voltage converters in calculations of the long-time regimes of power systems are examined. A transmission model in the form of two voltage converters coupled by the value of the total transmission losses and general constraints is proposed. Tests showed that this model can be used in different software for calculating the long-time regimes of power systems.