Russian migrants in Mongolia: historical and sociological aspect

Migration processes are associated with the trends of globalization. Their strengthening is due to a number of characteristics connected with various historical and sociological factors, trends and epochs. The system of interstate relations between the Russian Federation and Mongolia has its own peculiarities of the migration process associated with various events of the 20th and 21st centuries, such as the Civil War of 1917–1922, economic cooperation within the framework of the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance, Special Military Operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine. The Civil War in Russia moved to the territory of Mongolia, where the «white» movement was able to establish its power for a while, and later representatives of emigration went there both for permanent residence and for further departure to other countries. The unrecognized status of the «sixteenth» Union Republic in the years of the USSR contributed to the influx of Soviet specialists, the formation of a corresponding migration wave. The third stage under consideration, the period of the Special Military Operation 2023–2022, actualized the issue of the arrival of Russian relocants to Mongolia, a significant number of whom stay to work remotely in the Russian Federation. In the study the author aims to show the main stages of migration of Russians to the territory of Mongolia. Using the method of historicism he identifies the causes and results of the migration waves, provides statistical data. In the results, the author comes to the conclusion that the migration processes are based on the common cultural and civilizational code, the historical proximity of Russia and Mongolia, the need to develop cooperation within various supranational integration associations, including the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Eurasian Economic Union.

migrants, Russia, Mongolia, Cossacks, Soviet specialists