The chemical composition of essential oil Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm.

Plants of the genus Artemisia L. contain a complex of biologically active substances, the main of which are essential oils, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, bitterness, and therefore are promising for use in medical practice.

The purpose of the work is a comparative characteristic of the chemical composition of the essential oil of Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm.

Material and methods. Samples for analysis - the aerial part of plants Artemisia gmelinii – were collected in the phase of budding and flowering, in the vicinity of the village. Sotnikovo, Ivolginsky district of the Republic of Buryatia in 2014 and in the vicinity of Ulan-Ude (Oreshkovo village) in 2020. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation. The analysis of the components of essential oils was carried out by chromato-mass spectrometry on an Agilent Packard 6890N gas chromatograph with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (HPMSD 5973).

Results. The yield of essential oil from the aerial part of Artemisia gmelinii was from 1.0 to 1.2% in the budding phase, from 0.5 to 1.0% in the flowering phase, light yellow with a characteristic odor. From 34 to 83 components were found in the essential oil. Of these, the main components of the essential oil were identified from 80.57 to 94.44%. The remaining components of the essential oil are minor, their content is less than 1%. The main components of the essential oil are monoterpenoids – 1.8 cineole (up to 29.04%), camphor (up to 33.91%) and borneol (up to 24.60%), as well as sesquiterpenoids – spatulenol (up to 1.38%) and caryophyllene oxide (up to 1.39%).

Conclusion. A comparative analysis of published and original data showed that the set of dominant components remains unchanged, regardless of the region of growth and the phase of plant development.