Primary cicatricial alopecia: a literature review
- Authors: Zvezdina I.V.1
-
Affiliations:
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov
- Issue: Vol 24, No 1 (2021)
- Pages: 5-16
- Section: CLINICAL PICTURE, DIAGNOSIS, AND THERAPY OF DERMATOSES
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1560-9588/article/view/58729
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/dv58729
- ID: 58729
Cite item
Abstract
The term cicatricial alopecia results from irreversible damage to epithelial stem cells located in the bulge region of the hair follicle with subsequent scarring. Based on the mechanism involved in follicular destruction, cicatricial alopecia is divided into primary and secondary forms. Primary cicatricial alopecia are divided into four groups according to their prominent inflammatory infiltrate: with lymphocytic, neutrophilic, mixed or nonspecific cell inflammation pattern.
The review presents the main clinical, histological and dermatoscopic signs of various types of primary cicatricial alopecia.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Irina V. Zvezdina
Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov
Author for correspondence.
Email: zvezdinhome@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5532-0672
SPIN-code: 2883-2408
Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Professor
Russian Federation, 20/1, Delegatskaya street, Moscow, 127473References
- Gusakov NI. History of Russian dermatovenerology. Moscow: Avvallon; 2007. 461 р. (In Russ).
- Harries MJ, Paus R. The pathogenesis of primary cicatricial alopecias. Am J Pathol. 2010;177(5):2152–2162. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100454
- Olsen E, Stenn K, Bergfeld W, et al. Update on cicatricial alopecia. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2003;8(1):18–19. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12166.x
- Bolduc C, Sperling LC, Shapiro J. Primary cicatricial alopecia: Other lymphocytic primary cicatricial alopecias and neutrophilic and mixed primary cicatricial alopecias. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;75(6):1101–1117. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.01.056
- Zagrtdinova RM, Lyashenko NV, Zagrtdinova RN, Bychkova NYu. Alopecia: pathogenetic and clinical characteristics, treatment methods. Izhevsk : Izhevsk Statu Medicinae Academiae; 2016. 79 р. (In Russ).
- Mikhneva EN, Gavrilyuk AV. Diagnosis of Broca’s pseudopelada and discoid lupus erythematosus of the scalp using dermatoscopy. Dermatovenerology. Cosmetology. Sexopatology. 2011;(1-4):212–214. (In Russ).
- Zhulimova NL, Zilberberg NL, Rimar OG. Pseudopelade Brocq as a separate disease conformed by clinical and histological implications. Lechasсhi Vrach. 2014;(9):81–83. (In Russ).
- Kretz CC, Norpo M, Abeler-Dorner L, et al. Anti-annexin 1 antibodies: a new diagnostic marker in the serum of patients with discoid lupus erythematosus. Exp Dermatol. 2010;19(10):919–921. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01145.x
- Rakowska A, Slowinska M, Kowalska-Oledzka E, et al. Trichoscopy of cicatricial alopecia. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012;11(6):753–758.
- Karadag Kose O, Gulec AT. Evaluation of a handheld dermatoscope in clinical diagnosis of primary cicatricial alopecias. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2019;9(3):525–535. doi: 10.1007/s13555-019-0304-3
- Assouly P, Reygagne P. Lichen planopilaris: update on diagnosis and treatment. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2009;28(1):3–10. doi: 10.1016/j.sder.2008.12.006
- Fedotova KYu, Zhukova OV, Kruglova LS, Ptashinsky RI. Lichen ruber planus: etiology, pathogenesis, clinical entities, histological pattern and the main treatment principles. Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Venereology. 2014;12(6):9–20. (In Russ).
- Piguet V, Breathnach SM, Le Cleach L. Lichen planus and lichenoid disorders. In: Rook’s Textbook of Dermatology. Vol. 37. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2016. Р. 6–7. doi: 10.1002/9781118441213.rtd0038
- Kossard S. Postmenopausal frontal fibrosing alopecia. Scarring alopecia in a pattern distribution. Arch Dermatol. 1994;130(6):770–774.
- Kanti V, Constantinou A, Reygagne P, et al. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: demographic and clinical characteristics of 490 cases. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33(10):1976–1983. doi: 10.1111/jdv.15735
- Romanova YuYu, Gadzhigoroeva AG, Lvov AN. Classification and differential diagnosis of the frontal fibrosing alopecia. Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Venereology. 2015;14(5):130–134. (In Russ).
- Tan KT, Messenger AG. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: clinical presentations and prognosis. Br J Dermatol. 2009;160(1):75–79. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08861.x
- Vano-Galvan S, Molina-Ruiz AM, Serrano-Falcon C, et al. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a multicenter review of 355 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;70(4):670–678. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2013.12.003
- Dlova NC, Jordaan HF, Skenjane A, et al. Frontal fibrosing alopecia: a clinical review of 20 black patients from South Africa. Br J Dermatol. 2013;169(4):939–941. doi: 10.1111/bjd.12424
- Tolkachjov SN, Chaudhry HM, Camilleri MJ, Torgerson RR. Frontal fibrosing alopecia among men: a clinicopathologic study of 7 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;77(4):683–690.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.05.045
- Holmes S. Frontal fibrosing alopecia. Skin Therapy Lett. 2016;21(4):5–7.
- Diwan N, Gohil S, Nair PA. Primary idiopathic pseudopelade of brocq: five case reports. Int J Trichol. 2014;6(1):27–30. doi: 10.4103/0974-7753.136759
- Korsunskaya IM, Guseva SD, Nevozinskaya ZA. In quaestione de Brocq scriptor pseudopelade. Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Venereology. 2015;14(3):17–21. (In Russ).
- Nair PA, Singhal R, Pariath K. Primary idiopathic pseudopelade of Brocq in a young child. Int J Trichol. 2017;9(3):113–115. doi: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_24_17
- Amato L, Mei S, Massi D, et al. Cicatricial alopecia; a dermatopathologic and immunopathologic study of 33 patients (pseudopelade of Brocq is not a specific clinico-pathologic entity). Int J Dermatol. 2002;41(1):8–15. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2002.01331.x
- Elston DM, McCollough ML, Warschaw KE, Bergfeld WF. Elastic tissue in scars and alopecia. J Cutan Pathol. 2000;27(3):147–152. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0560.2000.027003147.x
- Rudnicka L, Olszewska M, Rakowska A. Atlas of Trichoscopy. Dermoscopy in Hair and Scalp Disease. Springer; 2012. Р. 339–344.
- Khumalo NP, Jessop S, Gumedze F, Ehrlich R. Hairdressing and the prevalence of scalp disease in African adults. Br J Dermatol. 2007;157(5):981–988. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08146.x
- Olsen EA, Callender V, McMichael A, et al. Central hair loss in African American women: incidence and potential risk factors. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64(2):245–252. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.11.693
- LoPresti P, Papa CM, Kligman AM. Hot comb alopecia. Arch Dermatol. 1968;98(3):234–238.
- Malki L, Sarig O, Romano MT, et al. Variant PADI3 in central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(9):833–841. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1816614
- Herskovitz I, Miteva M. Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia: challenges and solutions. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2016;9:175–181. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S100816
- Miteva M, Tosti A. Pathologic diagnosis of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia on horizontal sections. Am J Dermatopathol. 2014;36(11):859–864; quiz 865-7. doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000000174
- Miteva M, Tosti A. Dermatoscopic features of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(3):443–449. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.04.069
- Porteous ME, Strain L, Logie LJ, Herd RM, Benton EC. Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans: confirmation of linkage to Xp22.13-p22.2. J Med Genet. 1998;35(4):336–337. doi: 10.1136/jmg.35.4.336
- Sanke S, Mendiratta V, Singh A, Chander R. Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans with associated mental retardation: response to isotretinoin. Int J Trichol. 2017;9(3):138–139. doi: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_25_17
- Malvankar DD, Sacchidanand S. Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans: a report of three cases. Int J Trichol. 2015;7(3):125–128. doi: 10.4103/0974-7753.167461
- Tosti A, Torres F. Dermoscopy in the diagnosis of hair and scalp disorders. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2009;100(Suppl 1):114–119. doi: 10.1016/s0001-7310(09)73176-x
- Okhlopkov VA, Zubareva EYu, Radul EV. Quinquauds disease: a case study. Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Venereology. 2018;17(1):30–33. (In Russ).
- Bernardez C, Molina-Ruiz AM, Requena L. Histologic features of alopecias: part II: scarring alopecias. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2015;106(4):260–270. doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2014.06.016
- Mildzikhova DR, Sakaniya LR, Korsunskaya IM. Inverse acne: folliculitis et perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens of Hoffman. Russian Journal of Clinical Dermatology and Venereology. 2018;17(4):110–113. (In Russ).
- Yutskovskaya YaA, Yutskovsky AD, Taran MG, Malova TA. A clinical event of perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens of Hoffmann. Ukrainian Journal of Dermatology, Venerology, Cosmetology. 2012;(2):33–39. (In Russ).
- Lee CN, Chen W, Hsu CK, et al. Dissecting folliculitis (dissecting cellulitis) of the scalp: a 66-patient case series and proposal of classification. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2018;16(10):1219–1226. doi: 10.1111/ddg.13649
- Melo DF, Lemes LR, Pirmez R, Duque-Estrada B. Trichoscopic stages of dissecting cellulitis: a potential complementary tool to clinical assessment. An Bras Dermatol. 2020;95(4):514–517. doi: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.10.008
- Salami T, Omeife H, Samuel S. Prevalence of acne keloidalis nuchae in Nigerians. Int J Dermatol. 2007;46(5):482–484. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2007.03069.x
- Ogunbiyi A. Acne keloidalis nuchae: prevalence, impact, and management challenges. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2016;9:483–489. doi: 10.2147/CCID.S99225
- Lozano Pena АК, Flores MG, Candiani JO. Primary cicatricial alopecia, diagnosis and treatment updates. Dermatologia CMQ. 2017;15(4):255–264.
- Sperling LC, Homoky C, Pratt L, Sau P. Acne keloidalis is a form of primary scarring alopecia. Arch Dermatol. 2000;136(4):479–484. doi: 10.1001/archderm.136.4.479
- Kossard S, Collins A, McCrossin I. Necrotizing lymphocytic folliculitis: the early lesion of acne necrotica (varioliformis). J Am Acad Dermatol. 1987;16(5 Pt 1):1007–1014. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(87)80408-5
- Nikolic M, Peric J, Skiljevic D. Acne necrotica (Varioliformis) — case report. Serbian J Dermatol Venereol. 2019;11(3):94–97. doi: 10.2478/sjdv-2019-0014
- Pitney LK, O’Brien B, Pitney MJ. Acne necrotica (necrotizing lymphocytic folliculitis): An enigmatic and under-recognised dermatosis. Australas J Dermatol. 2018;59(1):e53–e58. doi: 10.1111/ajd.12592
- Vaccaro M, Guarneri C, Barbuzza O, Guarneri B. Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp: an uncommon condition typical of elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56(4):761–762. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01615.x
- Vaccaro M, Barbuzza O, Guarneri B. Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp following treatment with topical imiquimod for actinic keratosis. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145(11):1340–1341. doi: 10.1001/archdermatol.2009.278
- Thuraisingam T, Mirmirani P. Erosive pustular dermatosis: a manifestation of immunosenescence a report of 8 cases. Skin Appendage Disord. 2018;4(3):180–186. doi: 10.1159/000484488
- Starace M, Loi C, Bruni F, et al. Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp: Clinical, trichoscopic, and histopathologic features of 20 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;76(6):1109–1114.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.12.016
- Starace M, Patrizi A, Piraccini BM. Visualization of hair bulbs through the scalp: a trichoscopic feature of erosive pustular dermatitis of the scalp. Int J Trichol. 2016;8(2):91–93. doi: 10.4103/0974-7753.188038