Epidemiological features of hepatitis B in the Russian Arctic

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BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B is an urgent medical and social problem in Russia.

AIM: To determine the epidemiological features of the hepatitis B in the Russian Arctic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective analysis of the incidence of hepatitis B (acute and chronic forms) in 9 Russian Arctic regions, 3 subarctic regions (Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Magadan Region, Kamchatka Territory) and Russian Federation in 1999–2019. We also studied the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B and vaccination data against hepatitis B in these territories.

RESULTS: From 1999 to 2019 the incidence of acute hepatitis B in three subarctic regions decreased 166 times (from 66.5 to 0.4 per 100 thousand population), in the Arctic zone of 74.5 times (from 29.8 to 0.4 per 100 thousand population) and 73 times in Russia (from 43.8 to 0.6). The incidence of chronic hepatitis forms in the same period in the Arctic zone decreased by 8.6 times (from 140.1 to 16.3), 5.8 times in the subarctic regions (from 116.6 to 20.0) and 5.7 times in Russia (from 96.3 to 16.8). In 2018, the results of the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B in the Arctic zone (697.3) was higher than in Russia by 98% (352.1) and higher in the subarctic regions by 67% (588.6). Timely coverage of hepatitis vaccination in children aged 12 months in the Russian Federation, the Arctic zone and the subarctic regions is maintained at a high level (more than 90%) from 2004 in 2019. Coverage of children by vaccination to 17 years inclusive and adults up to 35 years on these territories also exceeded 90%.

CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination against hepatitis B in the Russian Federation led to a significant decrease in the incidence of this infection in the Russian Arctic. High prevalence of infection indicates the need to continue the program of mass vaccination and the timely introduction of the first dose of vaccine newborns. To reduce the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer, it is necessary to increase the availability of diagnosis of the disease and its possible outcomes in the Arctic regions and timely provision of antiviral treatment of all patients.

作者简介

Anastasia Fomicheva

National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases

Email: anastasia.fomichova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0625-0284
SPIN 代码: 5281-1670

MD, Junior Research Associate

俄罗斯联邦, 4 Build. 2 Dostoevskogo st., 127473, Moscow

Nikolay Pimenov

National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases

Email: n.pimenov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6138-4330
SPIN 代码: 2314-2076

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

俄罗斯联邦, MD, Junior Research Associate

Svetlana Komarova

National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases

Email: komarova.056@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7681-5455
SPIN 代码: 2810-3381

MD, Research Associate

俄罗斯联邦, MD, Junior Research Associate

Aleksandr Urtikov

National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases

Email: urtikovav@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7319-0712
SPIN 代码: 7260-6505

MD, Research Associate

俄罗斯联邦, 4 Build. 2 Dostoevskogo st., 127473, Moscow

Olga Paevskaya

The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: paevskaya_o_a@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4917-3992
SPIN 代码: 7410-3130

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Lecturer

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Natalya Tsapkova

The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: tsapkova.natali@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7823-9287
SPIN 代码: 3734-7392

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Vladimir Chulanov

National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases; The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: ChulanovVP@nmrc.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6303-9293
SPIN 代码: 2336-4545

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

俄罗斯联邦, 4 Build. 2 Dostoevskogo st., 127473, Moscow; Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Incidence of acute hepatitis B in the Russian Arctic and the Russian Federation from 1999 to 2019. АЗРФ ― Arctic zone of the Russian Federation; РФ ― Russian Federation.

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3. Fig. 2. The incidence of chronic forms of hepatitis B (chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis B virus carrier in total) in the Russian Arctic and the Russian Federation in 1999–2019. АЗРФ ― Arctic zone of the Russian Federation; РФ ― Russian Federation.

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4. Fig. 3. Incidence of chronic forms of hepatitis B (chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis B virus carrier in total) by age groups in the regions of the Russian Arctic, the subarctic regions and the Russian Federation in 2018. АО ― autonomous region; РФ ― Russian Federation.

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5. Fig. 4. Prevalence of chronic forms of hepatitis B (chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis B virus carrier in total) in the regions of the Russian Arctic, subarctic regions and the Russian Federation by age in 2018. АО ― autonomous region; РФ ― Russian Federation.

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