Клинико-эпидемиологическая характеристика лихорадки Эбола на современном этапе


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Аннотация

Болезнь, вызванная вирусом Эбола (Ebola virus disease - EVD) (геморрагическая лихорадка Эбола), - это вирусная геморрагическая лихорадка человека и других приматов, вызванная представителями рода ebolaviruses. Есть основания считать природным резервуаром вируса плодоядных рукокрылых - обитателей тропиков. Передача возбудителя от человека к человеку воздушно-капельным путем не доказана. Признаки и симптомы болезни обычно начинаются в период от двух дней до трех недель после заражения вирусом с лихорадки, боли в горле, мышечных и головных болей. Затем присоединяются рвота, диарея, сыпь, нарушение функций печени и почек. У многих больных присоединяются внешние и внутренние кровотечения. Летальность при этом заболевании колеблется от 25 до 90%, в среднем около 50%. Причиной летального исхода в большинстве случаев является инфекционно-токсический шок и/или гиповолемический дегидратационный шок, который наступает, как правило, через 6-16 дней от начала заболевания. Терапия ограничивается комплексом патогенетических лечебных мероприятий, так как специфического лечения не существует. Вакцины против EVD находятся на заключительной стадии разработки.

Об авторах

Владимир Владимирович Никифоров

ГБОУ ВПО «Российский национальный медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России

Email: v.v.nikiforov@gmail.com
доктор мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии ГБОУ ВПО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России, главный инфекционист ФМБА России, засл. врач Российской Федерации, эксперт ООН от Российской Федерации по расследованию предполагаемого применения химического и биологического оружия 117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Мурад Зияудинович Шахмарданов

ГБОУ ВПО «Российский национальный медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России

Email: mur2025@rambler.ru
доктор мед. наук, проф. каф. инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии 117997, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

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