Role of risk factors in the development of nosocomial infections after cardiac surgery: a review
- Authors: Khomyakova T.I.1,2, Khomyakov Y.N.2, Mkhitarov V.A.1, Ponomarenko E.A.1, Ozeretskaya L.V.1
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Affiliations:
- Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after academician B.V. Petrovsky
- Synergy University
- Issue: Vol 30, No 2 (2025)
- Pages: 116-128
- Section: Reviews
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1560-9529/article/view/334363
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/EID683070
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/VUSTLH
- ID: 334363
Cite item
Abstract
Prevention of nosocomial infections in cardiac surgery patients during the postoperative period is a critical task, both from an economic perspective and for improving the quality and longevity of life in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The relevance of assessing the risk of infectious complications in this population is confirmed by numerous publications in both Russian and international journals. An analysis of original studies and reviews in Embase, PubMed, ResearchGate, eLibrary, and Google Scholar indicated that effective prediction of nosocomial infections in cardiac surgery patients requires consideration of a combination of parameters that exert a synergistic influence on infection risk. Key preoperative risk factors include age over 60 years, body mass index >24 kg/m2, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe chronic heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, and previous cardiac surgery. Upon hospital admission, the likelihood of developing nosocomial infections may be influenced by pronounced preoperative hypoalbuminemia, anemia, low hematocrit, and elevated serum creatinine. Intraoperative risk factors include cardiopulmonary bypass duration exceeding 120 minutes, intraoperative blood loss > 2000 mL, and infusion of large volumes of replacement fluids. In the future, artificial intelligence could be utilized to develop a risk assessment scoring system.
The role of the pathobiome and chronic infectious foci in the development of nosocomial complications in cardiac surgery patients remains insufficiently studied and requires further research. Endogenous sources of infection may play a more significant role in the development of nosocomial infections than exogenous contamination.
Full Text
##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Tatiana I. Khomyakova
Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after academician B.V. Petrovsky; Synergy University
Author for correspondence.
Email: tatkhom@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3451-1952
SPIN-code: 5059-1414
MD, Cand Sci. (Medicine)
Russian Federation, 3 Tsyurupa st, Moscow, 117418; MoscowYuri N. Khomyakov
Synergy University
Email: khomyakovyuri@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0540-252X
SPIN-code: 2405-6712
MD, Dr. Sci. (Biology), Cand Sci. (Medicine)
Russian Federation, MoscowVladimir A. Mkhitarov
Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after academician B.V. Petrovsky
Email: mkhitarov@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4427-1991
SPIN-code: 3998-2748
Cand. Sci. (Biology)
Russian Federation, 3 Tsyurupa st, Moscow, 117418Elena A. Ponomarenko
Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after academician B.V. Petrovsky
Email: ponomarenkoea75@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9672-7145
SPIN-code: 7193-7254
MD, Cand Sci. (Medicine)
Russian Federation, 3 Tsyurupa st, Moscow, 117418Liubov V. Ozeretskaya
Russian Scientific Center of Surgery named after academician B.V. Petrovsky
Email: lozloz.o@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-8646-3952
SPIN-code: 6376-3060
Russian Federation, 3 Tsyurupa st, Moscow, 117418
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