Malignant anthrax in Russian Federation in 2023: two case reports

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Abstract

Malignant anthrax is a serious health and agricultural problem in Russia. Since 1900, >70,000 outbreaks of infection among people and animals have been reported in Russia. Adequate veterinary measures have led to a decrease in the level of morbidity in livestock, which is the main causative agent. Moreover, the incidence of human illness has decreased, which is greatly facilitated by routine immunization of the population exposed to occupational risk of infection. However, despite the measures taken, epizootics and epidemic foci of anthrax are registered annually. As a result, anthrax occur often among residents of these areas.

This study discusses the modern course of the cutaneous form of anthrax, which was analyzed during the treatment of patients from two foci of anthrax infection in the Voronezh region in August–October 2023. The novelty of this observation lies in the opportunity to present to readers the evolution of skin changes in the carbunculus variety of cutaneous anthrax from the early stages of ulcerative process development to almost complete recovery.

About the authors

Vladimir V. Nikiforov

Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogova

Author for correspondence.
Email: v.v.nikiforov@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2205-9674
SPIN-code: 9044-5289

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Natalia A. Sorokina

Voronezh City Clinical Emergency Hospital No. 8

Email: vishenka.79@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-4757-2792
Russian Federation, Voronezh

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Title page of Mykhailo Gamaley’s work “On Anthrax” (1792).

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3. Fig. 2. Title page of the publication of the Medical College “A Brief Description of Anthrax” (1796).

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4. Fig. 3. Intestinal carbuncle.

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5. Fig. 4. Patient P. Multiple anthrax carbuncles on both arms. 3rd day of illness.

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6. Fig. 5. Anthrax carbuncles on the back of the right hand. 3rd day of illness.

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7. Fig. 6. Anthrax carbuncles on the back of the right hand. 7th day of illness.

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8. Fig. 7. Anthrax carbuncles on the back of the right hand. 16th day of illness.

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9. Fig. 8. Anthrax carbuncles on the back of the right hand. 29th day of illness.

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10. Fig. 9. Anthrax carbuncles on the back of the right hand. 41st day of illness. The scab was rejected on the 40th day of illness.

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11. Fig. 10. Anthrax carbuncles on the back of the right hand. 63rd day of illness.

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12. Fig. 11. Multiple anthrax lesions of the skin of both hands. Swelling of the hands.

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13. Fig. 12. Anthrax carbuncle on the middle finger of the right hand. 10th day of illness.

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14. Fig. 13. Anthrax carbuncle on the middle finger of the right hand. 14th day of illness.

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15. Fig. 14. Anthrax carbuncle on the middle finger of the right hand. 20th day of illness.

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16. Fig. 15. Scab rejection on the middle fingers of both hands. 30th day of illness.

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