Vol 27, No 6 (2016)

This paper explores possible approaches to quantifying the relationship between expenditures on research and development and economic development. The mechanisms that underpin the transfer of scientific results via the imports of final products, goods, and services have been analyzed. The impact of total R&D costs on the dynamic and structural characteristics of economic development are investigated. The level of R&D costs, which is required in the medium term in order to pursue the constructive scenario for the development of the Russian economy, has been estimated.

Abstract—This article identifies particular characteristics of expert appraisal of projects included in macroregional development programs. These features are determined by uniqueness of these administrative-territorial entities, which is exemplified by the Russian Arctic Zone. This article also analyzes the potential of organizing expert appraisals (first of all, government expert appraisals) in Russia for use when analyzing and assessing Arctic projects. The basic guidelines and provisions are substantiated with regard to organizing an expert appraisal of the project component of development projects for the Russian Arctic Zone and other Russian macroregions.

The paper proposes a system of indicators, i.e., economic security indicators of the region, the monitoring of which will allow to control the situation, and correct the state of economic security in the region in a timely manner. The assessments of prospects for the industrial development in the region have been given. Options for business strategies and a complex of measures of regulatory control aimed at forming value chains that enable redistribution for regional producers have been proposed.

A phased approach to the rational aggregation of territory and objects with respect to the solved problem and controversy of the initial data has been considered in the article using the example of forecasting energy prices in Russia’s macroregions. The results of an estimate of the influence of regional specifics and nature of uncertainty of used information on the probable inaccuracy of forecasts and aggregation errors.

The article examines problems of forecasting the high-tech product market based on statistical modeling. The results of studying a number of Russian companies for 15 years and forecasting the demand for telecom services have been presented.

This paper deals with problems of the institutional crisis in employment policy and consequences of institutional reforms of P. Hartz in 2003–2005 in Germany, which affected the labor market and the social state. It has been shown that the reforms resulted in the radical restructuring of employment and unemployment and that, for all positive results of Hartz reforms, the problem of long-term unemployment and development of the informal employment sector still persists, which raises the question of reforming the professional training of highly qualified personnel.

The article deals with a relatively new phenomenon for Russia, i.e., social entrepreneurship. Based on an analysis of international experience in the development of social enterprises, their characteristics have been studied, the advantages and risks in support of social enterprise in meeting the social needs have been revealed, and the problems and prospects of development of social entrepreneurship in Russia have been discussed.