Lyapunov Characteristics of Oscillation, Rotation, and Wandering of Solutions of Differential Systems

Abstract

A number of Lyapunov exponents are defined for solutions of linear systems on the half-line. These exponents are responsible for such properties of the solutions as oscillation, rotation, and wandering and are defined in terms of certain functionals applied to the solutions on finite intervals as a result of two operations: upper or lower averaging in time and minimization over all bases in the phase space. We consider important special cases of systems: those of a low order, autonomous systems, those associated with equations of an arbitrary order. We obtain a set of relations (equalities and inequalities) between the said exponents, together with their refined values in special cases. It is shown that this set is complete in the sense that it cannot be extended or strengthened by any other meaningful relation.