Use of Chelate Complexes of Lead(II) in Low-Temperature Technologies of Ceramic Piezoelectric Materials

Abstract

Technology is suggested for fabrication of ceramic piezoelectric materials from the lead-containing ferroelectric phase. The technology includes a low-temperature synthesis of ultradispersed lead titanate and zirconate powders and also of phases of solid solutions on their basis and the low-temperature procedure for sintering of ceramic fabricated from ultradispersed powders of ferroelectric phases. As precursors used in the suggested low-temperature synthesis serve lead glycerate and tartrate. It was found that, when interacting (at temperatures of 240–330°C) with hydroxo-peroxo-aqua complexes of titanium and(or) zirconium(IV) in the course of 30–40 min, the precursors form ultradispersed powders of these phases, which are single-phase and contain particles with average size of less than 100 nm. It was shown that using the suggested technology makes it possible not only to reduce the energy expenditure for separate procedures for synthesis of ultradispersed ferroelectric phases and for synthesis of piezoelectric materials, but also to substantially diminish the discharge of lead(II) compounds into the atmosphere of industrial premises. It was also shown that the technology enables fabrication of piezoelectric materials with prescribed values of electrical parameters.