Chemical solution deposited thin films of titanium, chromium, zirconium, and tin oxides

Abstract

TiO₂, Cr₂O₃, ZrO₂, and SnO₂ films with thicknesses of ∼10–100 nm were produced via dipping into solution and subsequent annealing in air. The films were studied by the methods of scanning electron microscopy, elemental X-ray spectral analysis, optical spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The electrical conductivity of the films in air and in a vacuum was measured. The adhesion of most of the films to the substrate was found to be high. A crystalline structure was observed for films thicker than 10 nm. The films have a specific surface resistance of 10⁸–10¹² Ω in air and 10⁹–10¹⁴ Ω in a vacuum. The films are promising as coatings for various purposes, including the development of structures of the core–shell type.