Basic concepts in surface shaping by cutting tools

Abstract

Different concepts regarding the initial instrumental surface and production surface of cutting tools are outlined. The definition of the production surface in State Standard GOST 16530–83 includes two different surfaces. That poses serious problems for the theory of shaping. Definitions are proposed for the production line and the production surface. In addition, the cutting production surface is defined as the envelope of the production surface of a tool in cutting. Depending on the type of contact between the cutting production surface and the machined surface (all points, a single line, a single point), three general methods of surface shaping by a cutting tool are described. Specific tools are considered. For each tool, the general shaping method that best describes its operation is noted. The distinction between rolling cutters for gear turning and gear milling that employ the same general shaping method is established.