卷 62, 编号 1 (2019)
- 年: 2019
- 文章: 7
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1068-364X/issue/view/13981
Coal
Hardgrove Grindability of Coal. Part 1. Correlations with Composition, Structure, and Properties
摘要
The correlations of the composition, structure, and properties of coal from Ukraine, Russia, Canada, Australia, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Indonesia with its Hardgrove grindability index are investigated. It is found that the Hardgrove grindability increases with increase in total carbon content Cdaf and aromatic carbon content Car, as well as the unsaturation δ of the structure. Correspondingly, the Hardgrove grindability decreases with increase in the volatile matter and decrease in the vitrinite reflection coefficient due to increase in the aliphatic carbon content and also with decrease in unsaturation of the coal’s organic mass. The Hardgrove grindability is calculated for unoxidized (reduced) coking coal of different types (corresponding to Ukrainian State Standard DSTU 3472:2015).
Coke
Production of Isotropic Coke from Shale: Characteristics of Coke from Thermally Oxidized Tar-Distillation Residue
摘要
The properties of coke produced from residues obtained in the atmospheric distillation of shale tar after low-temperature (250°C) and high-temperature (350°C) thermal oxidation by air injection for different periods are considered. High-temperature thermal oxidation results in the intense formation of α fraction and considerable increase in the softening temperature. By contrast, almost no α fraction is formed in low-temperature thermal oxidation. Nevertheless, low-temperature thermal oxidation ensures more complete removal of anisotropic elements (with a score greater than three according to State Standard GOST 36132) from the microstructure of the coke. The decrease in actual coke density is also less pronounced. In this paper the next denotations are made: isooctane-soluble fraction is denoted as γ fraction, isooctane-insoluble-toluene-soluble is denoted as β fraction, toluene-insoluble-quinoline-soluble is denoted as α fraction, the fraction insoluble in quinoline, pyridine and carbon disulfide is denoted as α1 fraction.
Chemistry
Thermal Dissolution of Coal in Industrial Solvents
摘要
The thermal dissolution of 1GZhR coal in model aromatic solvents and industrial polyaromatic solvents is analyzed. The following polyaromatic solvents are considered: coking tar, its anthracene fraction, and petroleum gas-oil. They are employed separately and in different combinations. The degree of conversion of the coal’s organic mass, the material balance, and the composition of the products and gases formed are determined. The efficiency of the solvents based on coal tar and its anthracene fraction is established in terms of the degree of conversion of the coal’s organic mass and the group composition of the products. The extractive products of thermal solution for the individual solvents (except for the petroleum gas-oil) and their mixtures take the form of a solid pitch-like mass (softening temperature 76–118°C). They have a high content (90–94%) of quinoline-soluble polyaromatic materials.
Production of Carbon Adsorbent from Petroleum Coke by Carbonization with Potassium Hydroxide
摘要
Samples of carbon adsorbent are prepared by carbonization of petroleum coke with potassium hydroxide at 600–1000°C; the KOH/coke ratio is (0.5–9.0)/1.0. After repeated washing by hydrochloric acid solution and distilled water, the product is a powder with low packing density (0.15–0.80 g/cm3); its specific surface is 3000 m2/g or more. With increase in the alkali content and the carbonization temperature, the yield declines, while the specific surface of the powder increases. The characteristics of the product are practically independent of the particle size of the initial coke. That permits the use of a broad coke fraction (0.2–2.0 mm).
Composition of Diesel Fractions Produced by the Semicoking of Kukersite Shale in Different Equipment
摘要
By chromatography and mass spectroscopy, industrial diesel fractions of tar obtained by the semicoking of Kukersite shale in a Kiviter gas generator and a Petroter-1 solid-fuel system are analyzed. The content of groups and types of compounds in the samples is compared. In the Petroter-1 fraction, the content of naphthenes (1.7%), dienes (2.6%), indenes (22.1%), ketones (7.3%), and furans (3%) is about twice that in the Kiviter fraction. In the Kiviter fraction, the content of paraffins (17.4%), olefins (19%), alkylbenzenes (23%), and naphthalenes (16.1%) is higher by a factor of about 1.3. The presence of oxygen-bearing compounds in the flue oil permits satisfactory solution of the tars and asphaltenes of the petroleum residues and decrease in their pour point. In other words, the performance of petroleum fuel-oil is significantly improved.
Thermolysis of Petroleum Pitch from Different Sources
摘要
The thermolysis of isotropic pitch prepared from heavy pyrolytic tar and heavy catalytic-cracking gas-oil is investigated. The basic properties of the isotropic pitch are investigated in the course of thermolysis at different temperatures. Optimal temperatures for thermolysis so as to obtain fibrous pitch are established: 350°C for isotropic pitch from heavy pyrolytic tar; and 400°C for isotropic pitch from heavy catalytic-cracking gas-oil. In both cases, the duration of thermolysis is 4 h. Then the formation of mesophase begins. Its content in the pitch after 6 h is 10%.
Power Equipment
Optimal Organization of Furnace Systems at Oil Refineries
摘要
The system considered in the present study consists of a heating furnace and a multipass recuperative heat exchanger for air preheating. Process design ensured the coordinated operation of this system by applying a basis of a probabilistic and informational approach to the organization of industrial systems. It proves optimal to increase the thermal load on the recuperative heat exchanger and decrease the thermal load on the furnace, without changing the overall heating parameters. Exergy analysis was used to validate the proposed solution and it was shown that the total exergy loss in a system with a heating furnace and a recuperative heat exchanger decreases in for recommended operating conditions. This results in fuel economy.