卷 60, 编号 9 (2017)

Coal may be regarded as an organic–mineral complex formed by the accumulation of sediments and their metamorphic transformation to sedimentary rock. On that basis, Kuznetsk Basin coal may be analyzed in terms of the corresponding genetic characteristics of gelification and reduction and the chemical composition of its ash. The influence of mineral impurities on the organic mass of coal may best be assessed on the basis of integral characteristics: the oxide moduli in assessing mineral impurities; and the genetic benefit K^gb for the organic mass. The genetic benefit provides information regarding the molecular structure and mineral composition of the coal.

The pore structure of coal samples at different metamorphic stages (D, DG, GZhO, Zh, K, KS, and OS coal) is studied by the low-temperature adsorption of nitrogen, mercury porosimetry, and measurements of the actual density. On that basis, the quantity of closed pores in the samples is estimated. The number of pores, their size, and the total pore volume are found to depend on the coal’s metamorphic stage. The pore size and total pore volume tend to increase at later metamorphic stages, whereas the number of closed pores declines. If coal is adopted as a model system, the results may also be used in studying the morphology of nanostructured carbon materials such as nanofibers and nanotubes.

The properties of coal concentrates are determined: the technical analysis, clinkering properties, petrographic and elementary analysis, and the product yields in coking. Structural characteristics of the coal’s organic mass are also calculated. The results obtained for Kuznetsk Basin coal are subjected to mathematical analysis. The experimental dependences obtained may be used to formulate optimal coking batch in actual production conditions.

X-ray diffraction is a widely used nondestructive method of studying carbon materials. It is employed to study the phase composition of samples, to analyze the qualitative and quantitative composition of specific phases, and to assess the structural characteristics of crystalline carbon materials. In the present work, we calculate the basic structural parameters of graphite after various treatments. The crystalline structure of structure is most commonly characterized by the interplane distance d_00l, the dimensions of the structural components L_a and L_c, and the degree of order. The nonuniformity of the phase compositions is described by comparing data from the primary crystallographic reflexes of the (00l) series, corresponding to the basic plane of graphite. The (002), (004), and (006) reflexes represent the superposition of components characterizing individual structural phases of the samples, with specific interplane distances. By resolution of the reflexes into structural components, an additional characteristic of the sample may be derived: the ratio of the phases. On that basis, the crystalline structure of samples with similar overall structural characteristics may be more accurately characterized.

For the example of 80 organic solvents, the methods developed by the All-Russian Research Institute for Fire Protection (ARIFP) and the Dutch ME-TNO method for vapor cloud explosions (VCE) in enclosed spaces are compared. The comparison focuses on the safe volume of the building. The correlation between the results of the two methods is established. After introducing a correction factor of 1.42, the METNO method for third-class VCE may be used to categorize production buildings in terms of explosion safety.