Том 61, № 10 (2018)

The petrographic composition of fractions of density 1.40–1.45 g/cm³ from coal of different metamorphic development is studied. In terms of their petrographic composition, these fractions are mainly of two-component type, and the inertinite group is dominant. Visual analysis of polished samples reveals their maceral composition: the vitrinite group is represented mainly by telocollinite, desmocollinite, and telinite. The macerals of the inertinite group are fusinite, semifusinite, and sclerotinite. In some samples, fusinite with a somewhat intact cell structure is observed.

Practically all steel plants rely on a narrow range of options in improving the quality of blast-furnace coke: adjusting the properties of the coal batch and improving the technology for coke production. At the same time, the preliminary crushing of coke not only stabilizes its properties but also significantly enhances them, so that the specified composition and strength may be obtained. As an example, the efficiency of coke crushing is optimized in specific conditions. The calculations laid out in the example should facilitate the adoption of this approach.

Three widely used methods of desulfurizing coke-oven gas with the production of commercial sulfuric acid or sulfur are compared: the vacuum carbonate, amine, and ammonia methods.

The modification of carbon mass for self-igniting anodes is considered. The mass consists of a binder–filler system. The modifier employed is the phenolic fraction of coal tar. The filler is anthracite treated at 1800°C. The binder is moderate-temperature electrode pitch (grade B). Research shows that cocarbonization of the modifier in the binder–filler system on heating may consist of two processes: 1) before transition of the pitch to a viscofluid state, the additive facilitates mutual approach of its macromolecules and expands the temperature range of nucleation of graphite-like structures; 2) on account of adhesive forces, the phenolic fraction is attached to the filler (thermoanthracite) surface. That, in turn, should intensify the wetting, adsorption, adhesion, and sintering capacity of the electrode pitch (binder).

Industrial gasoline fractions of tar obtained by semicoking of kukersite shale in the Kiviter gas generator and in a Petroter system with solid-state heating are analyzed in detail by chromatography and mass spectrometry. On that basis, the content of groups and types of compounds in the samples may be compared. The gasoline fraction from the Petroter system contains about twice as many aromatic hydrocarbons (28), four times as many dienes (9), and a third of the paraffins (9.5) as in the fraction from the Kiviter gas generator.

Two explosive compositions ISU-4K and ISU-5R based on ammonium nitrate with added coke, diesel fuel, and rubber crumbs are tested so as to establish their sensitivity to mechanical and thermal perturbations. The flash point corresponding to 60-s delay is established. The kinetic parameters of thermal disintegration of the explosives are determined. The information obtained may be used in compiling standard documents (of GOST, OST, TU, VTU, and other types) and writing industrial regulations.